Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
60
60
60
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
50
50
50
40
40
40
30
30
30
20
20
20
Type I cement
ASTM C 109 mortar
w/c = 0.485
Type II cement
ASTM C 109 mortar
w/c = 0.485
Type III cement
ASTM C 109 mortar
w/c = 0.485
10
10
10
0
0
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Time, days
Time, days
Time, days
60
60
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
Type IV cement
ASTM C 109 mortar
w/c = 0.485
Type V cement
ASTM C 109 mortar
w/c = 0.485
10
10
0
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Time, days
Time, days
Fig. 2-43. Strength development of portland cement mortar cubes from combined statistics. The dashed line represents the
mean value and the shaded area the range of values (adapted from
Gebhardt 1995
).
Fig. 2-44. Heat of hydration can be determined by (left) ASTM C 186 or by (right) a conduction calorimeter. (68823, 68824)
Table 2-8. ASTM C 186 Heat of Hydration for Selected Portland Cements from the 1990s, kJ/kg*
Type II
moderate
Type V
Type I cement
Type II cement
heat cement
Type III cement
Type IV cement
cement
7 day
28 day
7 day
28 day
7 day
7 day
28 day
7 day
28 day
7 day
No. of
samples
15
7
16
7
4
2
2
3
1
6
Average
349
400
344
398
263
370
406
233
274
310
Maximum
372
444
371
424
283
372
414
251
—
341
Minimum
320
377
308
372
227
368
397
208
—
257
% of
Type I
100
99
75
106
67
89
(7 day)
*This table is based on very limited data.
1 cal/g = 4.184 kJ/kg.
PCA (1997)
.
