Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Type HS
stituents as portland cement. They are often blended with
hydrated lime or portland cement. Combining hydraulic
slag cement with water produces essentially the same bind-
ing material (calcium silicate hydrate) that portland cement
alone makes when combined with water. Hydraulic slag
cements conform to ASTM C 595 Types IS and S, ASTM C
989, or
ASTM C 1157
.
Type HS cement is used in concrete exposed to severe sulfate
action—principally where soils or ground waters have a
high sulfate content (see Table 2-2). It is used in the same
manner as Type V portland cement (Fig. 2-14).
Type MH
Type MH cement is used where the concrete needs to have
a moderate heat of hydration and a controlled temperature
rise. Type MH cement is used in the same manner as a
moderate heat Type II portland cement (Fig. 2-16).
MODIFIED PORTLAND CEMENTS
The term “modified portland cement” usually refers to a
blended cement containing mostly portland cement along
with a small amount, less than 15%, of mineral additive.
However, some local areas have modified portland
cements that do not contain a mineral additive. The modi-
fication merely refers to a special property that cement has
or a cement that has the characteristics of more than one
type of portland cement. See the discussions above for
Type I(SM) slag-modified portland cement and Type I(PM)
pozzolan-modified portland cement and the discussions
on “Hydraulic Cements” for more information.
Type LH
Type LH cement is used where the rate and amount of heat
generated from hydration must be minimized. It develops
strength at a slower rate than other cement types. Type LH
cement is intended for use in massive concrete structures
where the temperature rise resulting from heat generated
during hardening must be minimized. It is used in the
same manner as Type IV portland cement (Fig. 2-16).
Table 2-3 provides a matrix of commonly used cements
and where they are used in concrete construction.
SPECIAL CEMENTS
Special cements are produced for particular applications.
Table 2-4 summarizes the special cements discussed below.
See
Odler (2000)
and
Klemm (1998)
for more information.
HYDRAULIC SLAG CEMENTS
Hydraulic slag cements are like other cements that set and
harden by a chemical interaction with water. Concrete made
with hydraulic slag cement is used for the same appli-
cations as concrete made with other hydraulic cements.
Hydraulic slag cements consist of ground granulated blast-
furnace slag that contains many of the same chemical con-
Masonry and Mortar Cements
Masonry cements and mortar cements are hydraulic
cements designed for use in mortar for masonry construc-
tion (Fig. 2-20). They consist of a mixture of portland
Table 2-3. Applications for Commonly Used Cements
Applications*
Moderate
Moderate
Resistance to
Cement
General
heat of
High early
Low heat of
sulfate
High sulfate
alkali-silica
specification
purpose
hydration
strength
hydration
resistance
resistance
reactivity (ASR)**
ASTM C 150
I
II (moderate
III
IV
II
V
Low alkali
(AASHTO M 85)
heat option)
option
portland cements
ASTM C 595
IS
IS(MH)
P(LH)
IS(MS)
Low reactivity
(AASHTO M 240)
IP
IP(MH)
IP(MS)
option
blended
I(PM)
I(PM)(MH)
P(MS)
hydraulic
I(SM)
I(SM)(MH)
I(PM)(MS)
cements
S, P
I(SM)(MS)
ASTM C 1157
GU
MH
HE
LH
MS
HS
Option R
hydraulic
cements***
* Check the local availability of specific cements as all cements are not available everywhere.
** The option for low reactivity with ASR susceptible aggregates can be applied to any cement type in the columns to the left.
*** For
ASTM C 1157
cements, the nomenclature of hydraulic cement, portland cement, air-entraining portland cement, modified portland
cement, or blended hydraulic cement is used with the type designation.
