Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 16-3. Nondestructive Test Methods for Concrete
Concrete properties
Recommended NDT methods
Possible NDT methods
Strength
Penetration probe
Rebound hammer
Pullout methods
Break off
General quality and uniformity
Penetration probe
Ultrasonic pulse echo
Rebound hammer
Visual examination
Ultrasonic pulse velocity
Gamma radiography
Thickness
Radar
Gamma radiography
Ultrasonic pulse echo
Stiffness
Ultrasonic pulse velocity
Proof loading (load-deflection)
Density
Gamma radiography
Neutron density gage
Ultrasonic pulse velocity
Rebar size and location
Covermeter (pachometer)
X-ray radiography
Gamma radiography
Ultrasonic pulse echo
Radar
Corrosion state of
Electrical potential
reinforcing steel
measurement
Presence of
Acoustic impact
Infrared thermography
subsurface voids
Gamma radiography
X-ray radiography
Ultrasonic pulse velocity
Ultrasonic pulse echo
Radar
Resonant frequency testing
Structural integrity of concrete
Proof loading (load-deflection)
Proof testing using acoustic emission
structures
Adapted from
ACI Subcommittee 364 (1994)
and
Clifton (1985)
.
REFERENCES
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Building Code Requirements for Struc-
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ACI 318-02, American Con-
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ACI Committee 364,
Guide for Evaluation of Concrete Struc-
tures Prior to Rehabilitation,
ACI 364.1 R-94, American Con-
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ACI Committee 214,
Recommended Practice for Evaluation of
Strength Test Results of Concrete,
ACI 214-77, reapproved
1997, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills,
Michigan, 1997, 14 pages.
ACI Committee 222,
Provisional Standard Test Method for
Water Soluble Chloride Available for Corrosion of Embedded
Steel in Mortar and Concrete Using the Soxhlet Extractor,
ACI
222.1-96, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills,
Michigan, 1996, 3 pages.
American Petroleum Institute,
Recommended Practice for
Determining Permeability of Porous Media,
API RP 27,
American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C., 1956.
Angles, J., “Measuring Workability,” 8(12),
Concrete,
1974,
page 26.
ACI Committee 228,
In-Place Methods to Estimate Concrete
Strength,
ACI 228.1R-95, American Concrete Institute,
Farmington Hills, Michigan, 1995, 41 pages.
ASTM,
Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
American
Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken,
Pennsylvania, 2000.
ACI Committee 228,
Nondestructive Test Methods for
Evaluation of Concrete in Structures,
ACI 228.2R-98,
American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan,
1998, 62 pages.
Bartos, P., “Workability of Flowing Concrete—Assessment
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A
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ACI Committee 306,
Cold-Weather Concreting,
ACI 306R-88,
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