Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 9-16 (Metric). Proportions by Mass to Make One Tenth Cubic Meter of Concrete for Small Jobs
Nominal
Air-entrained concrete
Non-air-entrained concrete
maximum
size coarse
Wet fine
Wet coarse
Wet fine
Wet coarse
aggregate,
Cement,
aggregate,
aggregate,
Water,
Cement,
aggregate,
aggregate,
Water,
mm
kg
kg
kg*
kg
kg
kg
kg
kg
9.5
46
85
74
16
46
94
74
18
12.5
43
74
88
16
43
85
88
18
19.0
40
67
104
16
40
75
104
16
25.0
38
62
112
15
38
72
112
15
37.5
37
61
120
14
37
69
120
14
*If crushed stone is used, decrease coarse aggregate by 5 kg and increase fine aggregate by 5 kg.
Table 9-16 (Inch-Pound). Proportions by Mass to Make One Cubic Foot of Concrete for Small Jobs
Nominal
Air-entrained concrete
Non-air-entrained concrete
maximum
size coarse
Wet fine
Wet coarse
Wet fine
Wet coarse
aggregate,
Cement,
aggregate,
aggregate,
Water,
Cement,
aggregate,
aggregate,
Water,
in.
lb
lb
lb*
lb
lb
lb
lb
lb
3
⁄
8
29
53
46
10
29
59
46
11
1
⁄
2
27
46
55
10
27
53
55
11
3
⁄
4
25
42
65
10
25
47
65
10
1
24
39
70
9
24
45
70
10
1
1
⁄
2
23
38
75
9
23
43
75
9
*If crushed stone is used, decrease coarse aggregate by 3 lb and increase fine aggregate by 3 lb.
Table 9-17. Proportions by Bulk Volume* of Concrete for Small Jobs
Nominal
Air-entrained concrete
Non-air-entrained concrete
maximum
size coarse
aggregate,
Wet fine
Wet coarse
Wet fine
Wet coarse
mm (in.)
Cement
aggregate
aggregate
Water
Cement
aggregate
aggregate
Water
9.5 (
3
⁄
8
)
1
2
1
⁄
4
1
1
⁄
2
1
⁄
2
1
2
1
⁄
2
1
1
⁄
2
1
⁄
2
12.5 (
1
⁄
2
)
1
2
1
⁄
4
2
1
⁄
2
1
2
1
⁄
2
2
1
⁄
2
19.0 (
3
⁄
4
)
1
2
1
⁄
4
2
1
⁄
2
1
⁄
2
1
2
1
⁄
2
2
1
⁄
2
1
⁄
2
25.0 (1)
1
2
1
⁄
4
2
3
⁄
4
1
⁄
2
1
2
1
⁄
2
2
3
⁄
4
1
⁄
2
37.5 (1
1
⁄
2
)
1
2
1
⁄
4
3
1
⁄
2
1
2
1
⁄
2
3
1
⁄
2
*The combined volume is approximately
2
⁄
3
of the sum of the original bulk volumes.
If mixture proportions or mixture specifications are
not available, Tables 9-16 and 9-17 can be used to select
proportions for concrete for small jobs. Recommendations
with respect to exposure conditions discussed earlier
should be followed.
The proportions in Tables 9-16 and 9-17 are only a
guide and may need adjustments to obtain a workable
mix with locally available aggregates (
PCA 1988
). Pack-
aged, combined, dry concrete ingredients (ASTM C 387)
are also available.
vision at the jobsite. It should not be expected that field
results will be an exact duplicate of laboratory trial
batches. An adjustment of the selected trial mixture is
usually necessary on the job.
The mixture design and proportioning procedures
presented here and summarized in Fig. 9-10 are applicable
to normal-weight concrete. For concrete requiring some
special property, using special admixtures or materials—
lightweight aggregates, for example—different propor-
tioning principles may be involved.
Internet web sites also provide assistance with
designing and proportioning concrete mixtures (
Bentz
2001
). Many of these web sites are internationally oriented
and assume principles not used in North America.
Therefore, appropriate cautions should be taken when
using the internet to design concrete mixtures.
DESIGN REVIEW
In practice, concrete mixture proportions will be gov-
erned by the limits of data available on the properties of
materials, the degree of control exercised over the pro-
duction of concrete at the plant, and the amount of super-
