Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6-1. Concrete Admixtures by Classification
Type of admixture
Desired effect
Material
Accelerators
Accelerate setting and early-strength
Calcium chloride (ASTM D 98 and AASHTO M 144)
(ASTM C 494 and
development
Triethanolamine, sodium thiocyanate, calcium formate,
AASHTO M 194, Type C)
calcium nitrite, calcium nitrate
Air detrainers
Decrease air content
Tributyl phosphate, dibutyl phthalate, octyl alcohol, water-
insoluble esters of carbonic and boric acid, silicones
Air-entraining admixtures
Improve durability in freeze-thaw,
Salts of wood resins (Vinsol resin), some synthetic
(ASTM C 260 and
deicer, sulfate, and alkali-
detergents, salts of sulfonated lignin, salts of petroleum
AASHTO M 154)
reactive environments
acids, salts of proteinaceous material, fatty and resinous
Improve workability
acids and their salts, alkylbenzene sulfonates, salts of
sulfonated hydrocarbons
Alkali-aggregate reactivity
Reduce alkali-aggregate reactivity
Barium salts, lithium nitrate,
inhibitors
expansion
lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide
Antiwashout admixtures
Cohesive concrete for underwater
Cellulose, acrylic polymer
placements
Bonding admixtures
Increase bond strength
Polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, acrylics,
butadiene-styrene copolymers
Coloring admixtures
Colored concrete
Modified carbon black, iron oxide, phthalocyanine, umber,
(ASTM C 979)
chromium oxide, titanium oxide, cobalt blue
Corrosion inhibitors
Reduce steel corrosion activity in a
Calcium nitrite, sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate, certain
chloride-laden environment
phosphates or fluosilicates, fluoaluminates, ester amines
Dampproofing admixtures
Retard moisture penetration into dry
Soaps of calcium or ammonium stearate or oleate
concrete
Butyl stearate
Petroleum products
Foaming agents
Produce lightweight, foamed
Cationic and anionic surfactants
concrete with low density
Hydrolized protein
Fungicides, germicides,
Inhibit or control bacterial and fungal
Polyhalogenated phenols
and insecticides
growth
Dieldrin emulsions
Copper compounds
Gas formers
Cause expansion before setting
Aluminum powder
Grouting admixtures
Adjust grout properties for specific
See Air-entraining admixtures, Accelerators, Retarders,
applications
and Water reducers
Hydration control
Suspend and reactivate cement
Carboxylic acids
admixtures
hydration with stabilizer and activator
Phosphorus-containing organic acid salts
Permeability reducers
Decrease permeability
Latex
Calcium stearate
Pumping aids
Improve pumpability
Organic and synthetic polymers
Organic flocculents
Organic emulsions of paraffin, coal tar, asphalt, acrylics
Bentonite and pyrogenic silicas
Hydrated lime (ASTM C 141)
Retarders (ASTM C 494
Retard setting time
Lignin
and AASHTO M 194,
Borax
Type B)
Sugars
Tartaric acid and salts
Shrinkage reducers
Reduce drying shrinkage
Polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether
Propylene glycol
Superplasticizers*
Increase flowability of concrete
Sulfonated melamine formaldehyde condensates
(ASTM C 1017, Type 1)
Reduce water-cement ratio
Sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensates
Lignosulfonates
Polycarboxylates
