Game Development Reference
In-Depth Information
VCEG is responsible for standardization of the “H.26x” line of video coding stan-
dards, the “T.8xx” line of image coding standards, and related technologies.
The first standard for videoconference issued by ITU-T was H.120. ITU-T H.120
codecs using primary digital group transmission were the first international standard
for digital video compression. It was developed by COST 211, which is a collab-
orative research forum facilitating the creation and maintenance of a high level of
expertise in Europe in the field of video compression and related activities, and pub-
lished by the CCITT (now the ITU-T) in 1984, with a revision in 1988 that included
the contributions proposed by other organizations. The video turned out not to be of
adequate quality; therefore there were few implementations and there are no existing
codecs for the format. However, it included many stone techniques such as motion-
compensation of interframe coding, which provided important knowledge leading
directly to its practical successors.
Besides H.120, there are two other video coding standards developed by VCEG
only, H.261 (CCITT
1990
) and H.263 (ITU-T
1995
). ITU-T H.261 video codec for
audiovisual services to teleconference at px64 kbit/s, published in 1990 and revised
in 1993, was the first commercially successful digital video coding standard, and
introduced the modern architecture of hybrid block-based video coding technology.
ITU-T H.263 video coding for low bit rate communication, published in 1996 and
revised in 1998 (known as H.263+) and enhanced in 2000 (known as H.263++),
provided substantial improvements for real-time video coding communication, and
was deployed in hundreds of millions of mobile devices as well as video conferencing
systems.
1.3.2 ISO/IEC MPEG
ISO/IEC MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) is a working group on video cod-
ing standards, in particular for television and storage disc, under ISO (International
Organization for Standardization) and IEC (The International Electrotechnical Com-
mission).
MPEG is the informal name of ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC1,
Information technology)/Sub-Committee29 (SC29, Coding of audio, picture, multi-
media and hypermedia information)/Working Group 11 (WG11, Moving Picture). It
is in charge of the development of international standards for compression, decom-
pression, processing, and coded representation of moving pictures, audio, and their
combination. MPEG created the standard line of “MPEG-x, such as MPEG-1,
MPEG-4, MPEG-7, MPEG-21, etc. MPEG has been working together with VCEG
from time to time, making standards jointly, such as MPEG-2/H.262, MPEG-4
AVC/H.264, and MPEG HEVC/H.265, as follows.
