Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 2.4 Biocide uses and transport by runoff and leaching.
5.4 Cosmetics
Cosmetics and additives are a third group of chemical substances which directly affect
human body, eye, skin or metabolism such as hormone and immune system. The Euro-
pean Directive (CosDir, 1976) defines cosmetics as follows: a “cosmetic product'' shall
mean any substance or preparation intended to be placed in contact with the various
external parts of the human body (epidermis, hair system, nails, lips and external gen-
ital organs) or with the teeth and the mucous membranes of the oral cavity with a view
exclusively or mainly to cleaning them, perfuming them, changing their appearance
and/or correcting body odors and/or protecting them or keeping them in good condi-
tion. The products to be considered as cosmetic products within the meaning of this
definition are listed in Annex I of the directive. Other Annexes enlist coloring agents,
preservatives and UV filters, which can be applied. Cosmetic products containing
chemical substances hazardous for health should be excluded from marketing. The lists
of restricted or banned substances are also given in different Annexes of the directive.
6 CARCINOGENS
Carcinogens may be physical, chemical and biological agents. By the definition of
REACH, carcinogenic chemical is a substance or a mixture of substances which induces
cancer or increases its incidence (ECHA-Term, 2013).A more detailed definition says
that carcinogenic substances are those that induce tumors (benign or malignant),
increase their incidence or malignancy, or shorten the time of tumor occurrence when
they are inhaled, injected, dermally applied, or ingested.
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