Risk management of chemicals and contaminated land – from planning to verification - Environmental Deterioration and Contamination: Problems and their Management - page 291

◦ Increasing demands toward quantity and quality of services, special and high-

quality services, distribution in type and space;

- Social rights and security:

◦

Social inclusion and protection of particular groups;

◦ Equality of treatment and opportunities, nondiscrimination;

Social protection, health, social security and educational systems;
- Recreational services, sports, education and culture;
- Developments in the settlement, in the residential areas, in public and commercial
services;
- Housing quality and housing market analyses: housing opportunities and require-
ments, type and price, residential development, accessibility to new housing
facilities, other residential facilities, community buildings and parks, special
housing requirements, e.g., accessibility for disabled people, etc.;
- Employment and labor market : rate of employment, distribution of unemployed
people (according to age, gender, education, ethnics), temporary and permanent
jobs, professional structure of employees and expected changes, new (permanent
or temporary) workers from outside the local community, etc.;
- Standards and rights related to job quality : changes in health and safety at
work, help in adapting to the changes, e.g., support for continuous training,
retraining and vocational education, impacts on workers' existing rights and
obligations;
- Development and innovation at workplaces : it should be evaluated if the mea-
sure will facilitate or restrict development and innovation. Restructuring, as a
management measure may have positive impact on these;
- Income levels, range of incomes, changes in wage rates due to the new situation
after a successful management of the environmental risk;
- Aesthetic quality of the environment and of the settlement and community : quan-
titative, qualitative, visual, emotional value of the natural resources, buildings,
parks and landscapes, increasing quality by architecture, natural conservation,
green space design, etc.;

◦

- Perception of community members about the proposed/selected management

option or environmental technology application and their subjective well-being
is one of the most important factors, but they may be difficult to measure. The
attitude of the community influences the efficacy of the applied RR measure. The
opinion of residents regarding the proposed management option has to be assessed:
what are the anticipated effects from their point of view, is there any fear concern-
ing the risk management activity, what is its origin and how can it be dispelled. It is
important to assess what the key issues are in forming the attitude of the commu-
nity, what measures would be supported and what would be opposed, how much
they know about the problem and what requirements need to be explained in detail,
etc. All information on these attitudes influences the mode of communication and
the success of the risk management activity.

The social assessment can be obtained from the comparison and fusion of the
quantitative evaluation of the above elements with the personal feeling and opinion of
the local residents.