Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Environmental risks and impacts
K. Gruiz
Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science,
Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
ABSTRACT
Environmental management of companies and land developers, environmental pro-
tection and natural conservation have the same task: balancing between production,
human well-being and the health and diversity of the ecosystem. Typically the equilib-
rium position is different in these four categories. Companies focus on production and
sale, their target is “sustainable development,'' which means an economic develop-
ment limited by environmental claims. Environmental protection is based on a holistic
approach: it aims at a balance between economic, environmental and social compart-
ments. Nature conservation prioritizes the natural ecosystem. Spatial planning and
land development give priority to socio-economic aspects, but include all three cate-
gories. In spite of the shifts in the equilibrium, managerial and engineering tools are
similar for companies, the environment in general and natural environment under
special protection. However, there are differences in scoping and quantifying risks
and impacts. General steps of environmental management identify those hazards that
affect the environment and its users. They measure environmental, economic and social
risks and look for the most efficient management option and its implementation. The
environmental management procedure should be supported by information and knowl-
edge, well-prepared decision making, adequate handling of uncertainties and uniform
verification tools.
This chapter deals with definitions, concepts and methodologies which clarify
scientific knowledge and tasks behind the management terms.
1 INTRODUCTION
Environmental protection makes inroads in global, regional and national politics,
but it still has not achieved its adequate priority in political decision making. This
is typical in those countries and regions with a weak economy and where the risk-
based management approach is missing. There is still an urgent need for increasing
implementation of scientific knowledge in environmental legislation and management,
gaining environmental awareness in national economic and corporate activities, and
an environmentally conscious attitude in general.
 
 
 
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