Environmental Engineering Reference
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Figure 6.3 Generated and treated per capita municipal waste in the whole of EU and in the member
states (in kg/person).
Figure 6.4 Country-wise waste management in Europe, given in kg/person.
waste generating countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Slovenia) are able
to further reduce their waste production, but some others (Czech Republic, Greece,
Latvia, Lithuania, Iceland and the former Yugoslav countries) show a still growing
tendency.
On an average, municipal waste management and treatment at the European level
is represented by the following percentages in 2011: landfilling 36%; incineration
22%; recycling 24.5%; and composting 14%, despite the fact that disposal is domi-
nating in most of the member states as shown in Figure 6.4. This is possible because
those countries which produce large amounts of municipal waste prefer the highest
options in waste management hierarchy (recycling and incineration). Some small mem-
ber states with high waste production (Malta, Cyprus, Iceland, and Ireland) landfill
most of their production. Composting is popular in Austria, Italy, Netherlands, and
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