Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6.2
Waste management in EU 28 according to 2008 and 2010 statistics.
Treated waste mass (Mt/y)
Treated waste (%)
Waste management
2008
2010
2008
2010
Deposition into landfills
1,051,270
1,059,640
46.3
45.3
Incineration with energy recovery
80,900
89,530
3.4
3.8
Recovery other than energy
1,091,300
1,144,710
48.0
48.9
No information on
2.3
2.0
Treated waste in total
2,272,130
2,338,730
100
100
Table 6.3
Treated municipal waste per capita in EU 28 between 2007 and 2011.
Treated waste mass (t/y/person)
Waste management
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Deposition into landfills
214
201
193
189
181
Incineration with energy recovery
99
101
107
109
110
Recovery other than energy
114
118
122
123
122
Digestion and composting
64
70
70
67
69
Treated waste in total
492
490
492
488
482
Generated waste in total
521
518
508
504
499
waste in EU is still disposed of (45-46% landfilled). The disposed of and incinerated
wastes without energy recovery constitute 49%, i.e., close to half. Energy recovery
constitutes 3.4-3.8% of total EU waste management which is very low and it mainly
comes from municipal waste incineration in 10 countries. The 48-49% recycling on
the top of the hierarchy shows some increase, which is a positive trend in Europe.
Prevention, the best alternative, is not included in these statistics, but it is one of the
efficiency increasing means in the production and service sectors. Table 6.2 shows
the quantities of wastes managed at different levels of deposition, incineration and
recovery, in 28 EU member countries in 2008 and 2010 (Eurostat, 2013b).
Municipal waste shows different patterns than the total; the measures via the whole
population look not as efficient as in the case of companies or other legal entities. Table
6.3 summarizes the generated and treated amount of municipal waste per person from
2007 to 2011. Generated waste decreased somewhat (5% during the examined five
years), the treated portion went up from 94% to 97%. Deposition ratio decreased by
15%, recovery by incineration and otherwise increased by 11% and 7%, respectively.
Figure 6.3 shows the generated and treated per capita amount of municipal waste
in 27 individual European countries in 2009 (Eurostat, 2011).
The distribution percentage of the waste management options (landfilling, inciner-
ation, composting, and recycling) by countries is shown in Figure 6.4 (Eurostat, 2011).
The per capita generated waste mass shows large deviations per country and inter-
esting values in itself. Consumerism in high GDP countries results in more household
waste. According to the time series published by Eurostat (2013c) some of the low
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