Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
41.
Chance , B. ; Sies , H. ; Boveris , A.; Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs;
Physiol Rev.
, 1979 ,
69
, 527 - 605 .
Shi , X. ; Dalal , N.S. ; The role of superoxide radical in chromium(VI) generated hydroxyl
radical: The Cr(VI) Haber-Weiss cycle;
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
, 1992 ,
292
, 323 - 327 .
Zhang , L.; Lay, P.A.; EPR spectroscopic studies on the formation of chromium(V)
peroxo complexes in the reaction of chromium(VI) with hydrogen peroxide;
Inorg.
Chem.
, 1998 ,
37
, 1729 - 1733 .
Shi , X. ; Dalal , N.S. ; Generation of hydroxyl radical by chromate in biologically relevant
systems: Role of Cr(V) complexes versus tetraperoxochromate(V);
Environ. Health
Perspect.
, 1994 ,
102
( 3 ), 231 - 236 .
O ' Brien , T.J. ; Ceryak , S. ; Patierno , S.R. ; Complexities of chromium carcinogenesis: role
of cellular response, repair and recovery mechanisms;
Mutat. Res.
, 2003 ,
533
, 3 - 36 .
Chen , J. ; Thilly , W.G. ; Mutational spectrum of chromium(VI) in human cells ;
Mutat. Res.
,
1994 ,
323
, 21 - 27 .
Sen , P. ; Costa , M. ; Incidence and localization of sister chromatid exchanges induced by
nickel and chromium compounds;
Carcinogenesis
, 1986 ,
7
, 1527 - 1533 .
Sarto , F. ; Cominato , V. ; Bianchi , V. ; Levis , A.G. ; Increased incidence of chromosomal
aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in workers exposed to chromic acid (CrO3)
in electroplating factories;
Carcinogenesis
, 1982 ,
3
, 1011 - 1016 .
Elias , Z. ; Schneider , O. ; Aubry , F. ; Daniere , M.C. ; Poirot , O. ; Sister chromatid exchanges
in Chinese hamster V79 cells treated with the trivalent chromium compounds chromic
chloride and chromic oxide;
Carcinogenesis
, 1983 ,
4
, 605 - 611 .
US Environmental Protection Agency ;
Consumer Factsheet on: Chromium. 21 Feb. 2006.
EPA Ground Water and Drinking Water
, www.epa.gov/safewater/contaminants/dw_con-
tamfs /chromium.html (accessed 9 Nov 2007 ).
Liebross , R.H. ; Wetterhahn , K.E. ;
In vivo
formation of chromium(V) in chick embryo
red blood cells;
Chem. Res. Toxicol.
, 1990 ,
3
, 401 - 403 .
Rossi , S.C. ; Gorman , N. ; Wetterhahn , K.E. ; Mitochondrial reduction of the carcinogen
chromate: formation of chromium(V);
Chem. Res. Toxicol.
, 1988 ,
1
, 101 - 107 .
Tsou , T.C. ; Yang , J.L. ; Formation of reactive oxygen species and DNA strand breakage
during interaction of chromium(III) and hydrogen peroxide in
vitro
: evidence for a
chromium(III) - mediated
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
Fenton - like
reaction ;
Chem. Biol. Interact.
,
1996 ,
102
,
133 - 153 .
Aiyar , J. ; Berkovits , H.J. ; Floyd , R.A. ; Wetterhahn , K.E. ; Reaction of chromium(VI) with
hydrogen peroxide in the presence of glutathione: reactive intermediates and resulting
DNA damage;
Chem. Res. Toxicol.
, 1990 ,
3
, 595 - 603 .
Aiyar , J. ; Berkovits , H.J. ; Floyd , R.A. ; Wetterhahn , K.E. ; Reaction of chromium(VI) with
glutathione or with hydrogen peroxide: identifi cation of reactive intermediates and their
role in chromium(VI)-induced DNA damage;
Environ. Health Perspect.
, 1991 ,
92
,
53 - 62 .
Mueller , S. ; Riedel , H.D. ; Stremmel , W. ; Determination of catalase activity at physiologi-
cal hydrogen peroxide concentrations;
Anal. Biochem.
, 1997 ,
245
, 55 - 60 .
Bose , R.N. ; Fonkeng , B.S. ; Moghaddas , S. ; Stroup , D.; Mechanisms of DNA damage by
chromium(V) - DNA carcinogens;
Nucl
.
Acids Res.
, 1998 ,
26
, 1588 - 1596 .
Steenken , S. ; Jovanovic , S. ; How easily oxidizable is DNA? One - electron reduction
potentials of adenosine and guanosine radicals in aqueous solution;
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
,
1997 ,
119
, 617 - 618 .
Yanagawa , H. ; Ogawa , Y. ; Ueno , M. ; Redox ribonucleotides. Isolation and characteriza-
tion of 5- hydroxyuridine, 8 - hydroxyguanosine, and 8 - hydroxyadenosine from Torula
yeast RNA;
J. Biol. Chem.
, 1992 ,
267
, 13320 - 13326 .
Saito , I. ; Takayama , M. ; Sugiyama , H. ; Nakatani , K. ; Photoinduced DNA cleavage via
electron transfer: demonstration that guanine residues located 5' to guanine are the most
electron - donating sites ;
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, 1995 ,
117
, 6406 - 6407 .
Shibutani , S. ; Takeshita , A. ; Grollman , A.P. ; Insertion of specifi c bases during DNA
synthesis past the oxidation- damaged base 8 - oxodG ;
Nature
, 1991 ,
349
, 431 - 434 .
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.