Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
perfusion with detergents, and the fabricated tissue is observed to
beat spontaneously and macroscopically [63].
The final goal of myocardial tissue engineering is the realization
of a “bioengineered heart.” Heart tissues are composed of various
kinds of cells, viz., cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, ECs, smooth muscle
cells, pericytes, etc. [64]. These cells have proper a cell ratio,
pattering, and orientation in the heart tissue. Cell ratio, pattering,
and orientation within a coculture system may be controlled by
using cell sheet engineering and surface chemistry [65-68]. For
reconstructing the heart, many cell sources are necessary. Effective
proliferation of stem cells and effective differentiation from the
stem cells to cardiomyocytes or other cells are essential. At present,
the scalable expansion of human pluripotent stem cells using 3D
suspension culture is actively investigated [69, 70]. In addition, the
research studies and efforts of the fabrication of thicker myocardial
tissues are essential for the realization of a “bioengineered heart.”
However, for its realization, many remarkable breakthroughs
in various interdisciplinary research fields, including tissue
engineering, molecular cell biology, stem cell biology, bioengineering,
and biotechnology, are indispensable.
References
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2. Menasche, P. (2011). Cardiac cell therapy: lessons from clinical trials,
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3. Atala, A., Lanza, R., Thomson, J.A., Nerem, R. (2011).
Mol. Cell. Cardiol.,
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, 2nd ed., eds. Radisic, M., Michael, V.M., “Cardiac
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4. Memon, I.A., Sawa, Y., Fukushima, N., Matsumiya, G., Miyagawa, S.,
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T., Matsuda, H. (2005). Repair of impaired myocardium by means of
implantation of engineered autologous myoblast sheets,
Regenerative Medicine
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Matsuura, N., Shimizu, T., Okano, T., Matsuda, H., Sawa, Y. (2006).
Grafted skeletal myoblast sheets attenuate myocardial remodeling in
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