Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
high purity (more than 90%) have also been developed [79-84].
Stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes survive for a long term in vivo,
these cardiomyocytes can integrate with the host myocardium, and,
furthermore, the transplantation of these cells shows improvement
of cardiac functions in damaged-heart animal models [85-90].
Although ESCs/iPSCs have several problems, for example, immune
rejection and an ethical problem in ESCs and tumorgenicity and the
chromosomal insertion of exogenous genes in iPSCs, which still have
to be solved before their clinical trials, these problems are going to
be solved by the various efforts of many investigators [91-98]. In the
near future, human ESC-/iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes will be and
must be used in clinical application.
In this textbook, we broadly summarize myocardial tissue
engineering and regenerative medicine, which consists of (1) cell
sources, including ESCs/iPSCs, (2) the clinical trials of cell therapy,
(3) scaffold-based and scaffold-free tissue engineering, (4) pulsatile
bioengineered 3D myocardial tissue and tube, etc. Past and present
remarkable results and their problems, and future planning, will be
discussed. Our final goal is the realization of a “bioengineered heart.”
We want to discuss the possibility and the realization, together with
many readers, in this textbook.
Acknowledgments
These works were supported by grants from Formation of
Innovation Center for Fusion of Advanced Technologies in the
Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology
“Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC)” from the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports Science, and Technology (MEXT), Japan,
and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through the
“Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science
and Technology (FIRST Program),” initiated by the Council for
Science and Technology Policy (CSTP).
Conlict of Interest
Dr. Teruo Okano is a director on the board of CellSeed Inc. Dr.
Teruo Okano, Dr. Tatsuya Shimizu, and Dr. Masayuki Yamato are
stakeholders of the company and are inventors of cell sheet-related
patents. Tokyo Women's Medical University was receiving research
