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Conclusion
It seems clear in general terms that warming will exacerbate many, though not
necessarily all, symptoms of eutrophication, but there remain three key problems
in answering the questions posed here. The first is that responses are complex
and varied depending on the specific context. As a result, deduction, from general
principles, of specific measures to be taken in particular situations will be
associated with great uncertainty in view of the limited scope of research that is
likely to be achievable over the period in which climate change is occurring.
Taking a precautionary approach thus remains eminently wise. The second
concern is that several lines of evidence hint at biological feedback mechanisms
that may result in increased respiratory production of carbon dioxide, if not of
nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and methane (CH 4 ). This might mean that the purely
physical models that are the basis for climate change predictions made by the
IPCC (2007) are severe underestimates. The third point is that as world population
grows, pressure to grow more food, whilst simultaneously producing crops for
biofuel, will probably lead to further increased nutrient inputs and an intensification
of eutrophication problems in receiving fresh waters. Coupled with the inherent
resistance of human society to acknowledge that the root of the climate problem
is economic growth regardless of environmental consequences, and that serious
alternative economic models to continued growth are lacking, the future of fresh
waters has become highly uncertain.
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