Input - Genetic Diversity in Establishing Plant Populations: Founder Number and Geometry - page 20

Female A 2n individual or structure that produces megagametes

(e.g., ovules) and in which the zygote develops into an
embryo, the latter being dispersed and becoming the
offspring upon successful establishment.

Male A 2n individual or structure that produces the microgametes

(e.g., sperm, or more loosely, pollen).

Offspring A 2n individual developing from a zygote-embryo borne

by a particular female and dispersed from that female.

Megagamete The larger of the two types of gametes (e.g., ovule),

generated by the female and fertilized by the sperm, giving
rise to the 2n zygote.

Microgamete The smaller of two types of gametes (e.g., sperm, pollen),

generated by the male.

Bisexual An individual that is hermaphroditic (androgynous),

generating both mega- and microgametes in different
structures on the same 2n individual.

Dioecious In a population, 2n individuals are either male or female.

Monoecious 2n individuals bear both male and female structures

(a monoecious individual can produce both micro- and
megagametes). For the purposes of NEWGARDEN,
bisexual and monoecious mean the same thing.

Death

When an individual dies, it is removed from the preserve grid system and
from further participation in data manipulation (here, and in the following
discussions, to understand the establishment and function of the grid
system, see the section Grid Region Specifi cation, below). The grid point
it occupied is “opened” for establishment by a new individual. Death can
occur in a number of ways: (1) an individual may be dispersed off the user-
defi ned boundaries of the “preserve” grid; (2) an offspring dispersed to a
particular grid point will die if that grid point is already inhabited by an
existing individual that continues into the next generation (it may occupy
a grid point that is occupied by an individual scheduled to die just prior
to the start of the next generation); (3) if several offspring are dispersed
to the same open grid point, only one of them will randomly be drawn to
establish at that point, the others dying; and (4) as described below, the user
can defi ne age-specifi c rates of mortality for individuals of a cohort.