Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
80
j
j
70
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
j
60
j
kk
k
k
k
kk
k
k
k
k
k
50
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
k
v
v
v
v
40
q
q
q
qqq
q
q
q
q
q
q
q
k
q
30
20
j
q
10
v
k
0
5
10
15
GENERATION
Fig. 9.13
Standard deviations for the mean number of unique alleles retained in each generation
by NEWGARDEN populations that were identical except for the geometry of introduction.
In the different populations, the 20 founders with closest spacing were placed as follows: in
two lines of 10 each in the preserve center (v); in four lines of 5 founders each, the lines placed
in each corner with at least 10 grid points separating the preserve border from any founder
(j); in four lines of 5 founders each, the lines placed in each corner with at least 80 grid points
separating the preserve border from any founder (k); in fi ve lines of four founders each, with
four lines placed in each corner with at least 80 grid points separating the border and any
founder, and the fi fth line placed at the preserve center (q). Standard deviations are for means
of 30 runs per set of trial conditions. The square preserve included 26,214,400 average species
density establishment grid points. The development of best practices restoration strategies will
require pre-implementation judgments as to the relative importance of population growth,
measures of genetic diversity retention, and risk associated with variation in those population
characteristics under different founding conditions. Such results from NEWGARDEN analyses
can then be combined with consideration of other types of risk (e.g., edge effects, factors that
might affect dispersal or survival differently in different founding situations, etc.).
compares the standard deviation in unique alleles retained for the four
populations for which mean unique allele retention is depicted in
Fig. 9.12B.
Although population j was among the three populations that retained the
highest mean number of unique alleles, it has a higher level of retention
variation (standard deviation; retention risk) than population q, which was
statistically not different in unique allele retention from trial population j.
Specifi cally, population j exhibits a 72.5% increase in standard deviation
compared to population q. It was also noted earlier that population j may
be a preferred method of establishment, since it saves almost as many
unique alleles as populations k and q with much reduced establishment
and maintenance effort. However, Fig. 9.13 shows population j to carry the
highest risk in terms of variation of unique allele retention from trial to trial.
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