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tend to occupy ecotones may have generally different population genetic
architectures compared to, for example, species that primarily establish
only where more closed community equilibrium conditions are widespread.
Further, two intraspecifi c populations, each established by an equal number
of equally diverse founders, may exhibit different levels of genetic diversity
simply because of the initial placement of those colonizers. Surely almost
all species will have populations initiated with different degrees of edge
effects, and this takes on increasing relevance in an increasingly fragmented
world or era of colonization driven by climate change (Hoegh-Guldberg
et al. 2008).
Under the conditions given above, slight changes in the placement of
founders can bring about differences in population genetic diversity that
persist and set populations on different continuing trajectories. But the above
conclusions are, at this point, not meant to be hard and fast patterns that
will apply in all situations. Rather, those examples are given to demonstrate
how NEWGARDEN can be used to explore possible optimal introduction
practices given a species with a certain set of life history characteristics. In
the following examples, we will explore what happens if other initial or
life history conditions are changed in several different ways. It will be seen
that relatively simple changes in, say, just one life history parameter or the
spatial patterning of the introduction of the founders can alter population
genetics trajectories. Best practices for introduction will differ from species
to species depending on their life history characteristics.
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