Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
0.070
P
P
P
V
V
v
p
v
P
P
P
V
V
v
p
p
p
V
v
p
P
V
v
p
V
v
vv
v
P
V
p
P
P
0.044
N
N
N
N
pp
p
V
nn
n
v
V
l
L
P
p
M
n
L
V
N
N
N
N
n
l
l
P
n
M
M
M
L
l
V
V
p
l
n
v
l
L
P
v
l
L
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
N
N
N
L
l
nnn
l
V
n
L
P
v
N
N
p
l
L
p
P
V
n
l
n
n
v
N
L
p
v
n
L
V
v
N
L
l
p
M
M
0.018
P
l
L
N
n
L
l
p
V
n
M
l
L
N
n
P
M
L
v
v
V
M
P
v
L
N
l
p
-0.008
M
l
L
p
V
l
P
N
p
v
M
n
n
V
l
M
P
N
L
L
-0.034
p
n
N
P
V
M
l
L
l
L
v
-0.060
0
7
14
21
GENERATION
Fig. 8.15
Change in mean F across generations under different trial conditions described
previously in the text and in
Fig. 8.13.
These trials are identical, except in two ways. First,
lowercase trials have available in the source population 10 loci, each with two unique alleles
of equal frequency, while uppercase letters have 30 loci, each with 100 unique alleles of equal
frequency. Trials using the same letter, uppercase or lowercase, are otherwise identical. Second,
for each particular letter (uppercase or lowercase) the distance of the founders from the borders
differed. However, in all trials, founders were placed in two rows horizontal to the x-axis and
consisting of 10 founders per row, each founder in closest spacing. The founder closest to the
lower left was always placed at preserve coordinate 0,0. X and Y recession distance of the
lower left preserve corner point was 0 grid units for trials L and l, 5 units for trial M, 10 units
for trials N and n, 40 units for trials P and p, and 2,560 units for trials V and v. Trials L, l, M,
N, and n are included in the lower set of curves, while trials P, p, V, and v are included in the
upper curves. Note that trials using the same letter, whether uppercase or lowercase, are rather
similar in values no matter what the allelic panel attributes of the source population.
distances from the corner. Note that change in F is very similar for parallel
populations that are at the same distance from the lower left corner but
differ in number of alleles per locus (uppercase versus lowercase letters), so
variation in that factor does not appear to substantially infl uence detectable
levels of inbreeding under these conditions. To gain further insight into these
patterns, compare changes in observed heterozygosity relative to expected
heterozygosity through generations for eight of these populations chosen
as comparative examples
(Fig. 8.16).
For trials using source populations with 30 loci each with 100 different
alleles of equal frequency, observed heterozygosity falls at a higher rate
than estimated (expected) heterozygosity when founders are more distant
from the corner (e.g., V and P of Fig. 8.16A). Patterns of change in observed
heterozygosity relative to estimated heterozygosity for trials with these 30
loci were very similar to those for trials in which conditions were exactly
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