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Fig. 2.22 The Shared Design Space integrates paper with an interactive tabletop and an interactive
wall in a collaborative environment (photo courtesy of Michael Haller)
Digital documents are identified by fiducials. In an example application, a physical
textbook is augmented by additional digital information that is projected onto the
desk surface besides the textbook.
The Augmented Surfaces system [123] leverages both tables and walls as shared
information surfaces. Using a mouse cursor, information can be seamlessly moved
between these surfaces and ordinary computer displays. Moreover, the system lever-
ages fiducials for identifying physical objects that are placed on the table. While the
DigitalDesk provides for copy&paste from paper to digital, Augmented Surfaces
support the reverse direction: digital contents can be virtually attached to a physical
object. These digital contents are projected either directly onto the object or onto
the table around the object, enabling compound collections of physical and digital
objects. When the user moves or rotates the object, the projection is automatically
updated to create the experience that the projected contents are physically attached
to the object. A number of further seminal tabletop systems, such as metaDESK
[156], were introduced in the late 1990s. These are not discussed here because they
do not offer Pen-and-Paper Interaction.
The Shared Design Space [33] (Fig. 2.22) integrates paper with tabletop and wall
displays. Similar to Augmented Surfaces, the user can move digital contents (e.g.
videos and images) onto pages of paper notebooks. Moreover, the system automati-
cally captures annotations and sketches that are made in the notebook with an Anoto
pen. A clone functionality synchronizes notebook pages between multiple users in
real time, blurring the boundary between the private notebook and the shared space.
While the user who is making an annotation is leaving physical ink traces on his
or her notebook, the collaborators simultaneously get a virtual copy projected on
their own paper. Similar in approach, Pictionaire [34] is an augmented tabletop for
collaborative design brainstorming. It coherently integrates the hybrid copy&paste
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