Information Technology Reference
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third of the participants adopted the novel technology and regularly used the system.
While the participants disliked the large size of the pen and its short battery lifes-
pan, they did not create less notes than students using a traditional notebook. Main
advantages were seen in sharing notes with other team members and in automati-
cally having a digital copy of the notebook. Prism [149] (introduced above) enables
users to share individual pages of their paper notebooks with collaborators using
Atom feeds. Sharing is controlled via a Web interface, but not directly from paper.
Recently,
UbiSketch
[20] demonstrated how paper notebooks can be integrated with
social media. Users can easily share their paper-based sketches on Facebook, Twit-
ter and via e-mail, even on-the-go by connecting the digital pen to a smart phone.
Results from a four-week user study indicate that shared sketches stimulate a higher
degree of social interaction than shared photos.
PaperSketch
[166] uses a similar
concept for sharing sketches with remote users in real-time via a Skype connection.
Simultaneously users can communicate over voice and video channels.
EdFest
[134, p. 153 sqq.] is a particularly rich augmented notebook that inte-
grates notetaking with printed information and audio feedback. EdFest is a mo-
bile interactive festival guide in a notebook format. The guide contains information
about events of a festival, including their title, time, location and a short textual
description. With an Anoto pen, the user can write handwritten reviews of events.
These notes are transmitted to a central sever. Another user requesting information
on that specific event can then access this review via text-to-speech output on a
headset. This supports true mobile use, not only for data input, but also for output.
EdFest provides additional functionality for a variety of festival-related tasks, such
as rating events and getting the directions to an event location.
2.2.4 Augmented Printed Documents
Paper notebooks have the property to be initially empty. It is the user who, bit by bit,
fills the notebook with handwritten contents. Yet, people do not only make handwrit-
ten notes on empty sheets of paper, but also write on paper documents that contain
pre-printed contents. For instance, people use pen and paper to fill in questionnaires
and forms, to make annotations on printed documents, to mark up contents or to
create references. Such activities enable successful active reading, but also support
effective presentation and discussion. The conceptual difference to augmented note-
book systems is that handwritten contents must be matched with already existing
printed contents. In this section we review a class of systems that allow users to cre-
ate handwritten annotations on printed documents - annotations ranging from the
highly structured answers written into a printed form to highly unstructured free-
form comments.
