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per cards and post-its clearly show how paper can be used as a token for accessing
and controlling digital resources. Augmented topics demonstrate paper-digital hy-
perlinking. Augmented paper notebooks and augmented printed documents present
a variety of approaches to synchronize paper-based contents with a digital version.
Finally, augmented tables, flipcharts and walls integrate all of these functionali-
ties and provide a very seamless integration of physical and digital media on large
surfaces. We will conclude this chapter with a discussion of future directions of
research.
2.2.1 Augmented Paper Cards and Post-Its
Augmented paper cards and augmented post-its demonstrate the first main function
of augmented paper: using paper as a physical token for accessing and managing
digital resources. Each digital resource to access is represented by a physical object.
This object has no functionality other than representing the digital resource; it does
only contain a description of the resource, but not its actual contents. By manipu-
lating this object (e.g. by holding it in front of a barcode reader or near to an RFID
reader or by pressing a push button on that object), the associated digital resource
is accessed. This provides an easy and intuitive way for selecting and opening doc-
uments or applications. Moreover, the physical tokens can be flexibly structured by
arranging them in space and can be physically shared with co-workers.
An example is WebStickers [82] which uses post-it stickers that contain a barcode.
The user can associate a post-it note with a single Web page or with a collection of
Web pages. By holding the post-it under a barcode reader, the associated resource is
displayed on a computer screen. Palette [101] follows a similar approach and uses
barcode-enhanced paper cards for accessing individual slides of slide presentations.
PaperButtons [114] overcomes the limitations of barcodes that must be placed
below a barcode reader or in front of a camera phone. It extends the Palette sys-
tem by replacing the barcode on a paper card with a push button. A unique ID is
transmitted to the system over a wireless connection when this button is pressed.
The previous systems allow easy access to the digital resource, but do not sup-
port the opposite direction: easily finding the physical token that belongs to a digital
resource. To support this opposite direction, Quickies [95] augments physical post-it
stickers with an RFID tag that is applied to the reverse side. The user can write a
handwritten label on a sticker using a digital pen. The label is automatically digi-
tized, which allows for searching through all stickers in a desktop application. the
corresponding physical stickers can be found using an RFID reader. Move-It [121]
further improved this approach. The system can electronically actuate individual
Post-it stickers. This supports not only easy finding of a specific physical sticker,
but also allows the system to trigger physical notifications. For instance, a post-it
which contains a reminder for a meeting can be actuated shortly before the sched-
uled time of that meeting.
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