Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
The Livescribe API is based on the Java Platform Micro Edition (Java ME). It
comes with Windows and Mac versions of an Eclipse-based IDE and a software for
emulating the Livescribe pen.
Livescribe has a management of paper regions that is different from the other
toolkits. It distinguishes between fixed print and open paper. Fixed print areas are
similar to the interactive regions of the other toolkits. They allow developers to de-
fine specific areas for widgets that control the application. In contrast, open regions
are blank regions of paper that are not permanently associated with one specific ap-
plication. Instead each application can claim an open region when the user is writing
on it. This enables the flexible use of one single paper notebooks for many different
applications.
2.2 Pen-and-Paper Interfaces
A wealth of applications and interaction techniques of Pen-and-Paper Interfaces
have been presented in prior work. In this section, we review the large and ever-
growing body of research that has been established during the past two decades.
Early, highly influential research was conducted at XeroxPARC and EuroPARC
in the early 1990s. A number of seminal systems demonstrated how paper can
be closely integrated with digital media on one single interactive tabletop surface.
These systems already showed three central functions of augmented paper: 1) pa-
per is used as a token for accessing and controlling a digital resource, 2) paper
documents contain embedded hyperlinks to additional digital resources, and 3) the
contents of a paper document are automatically synchronized with a digital ver-
sion of the document. These systems laid the foundation for a wide range of paper-
augmented tabletops and walls and also for a number of approaches that allow users
to manage digital media on their PC by using paper tokens.
While in this first generation of works, paper was mostly restricted to be used
solely on the interactive tabletop or on the user's desk, a subsequent generation
focused on paper as a mobile medium. Augmented paper notebooks, form-filling
applications and applications for annotating printed documents aimed at retaining
the freedom to use paper at many different places. The advent of digital pens which
can be used in mobile settings without a complicated technical setup certainly pro-
moted this evolution. In contrast to the early desk systems, most of these mobile
systems provide visual output not directly on paper, but on a separate computer
screen. However, we will also review approaches that realize visual output directly
within paper documents by using mobile projectors or tiny overlaid displays. Sup-
port for paper-based collaboration is an issue of more recent interest. This comprises
not only co-located collaboration, but in particular how asynchronous remote shar-
ing of paper-based contents can integrate paper with social networks and the Web
2.0.
Our review is structured following which paper media are augmented by digital
functionality and following the main functions of augmented paper. Augmented pa-
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