Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
Tabl e 7. 2 Comparison of the tagging techniques presented in this chapter
Digital Paper
Bookmarks
Tag M enu
Card
Tag Buttons
Process
Tagging
Documents / Process
D
D
D
P
Free Tagging
-
-
Category Tagging
-
Paper Documents
Digital Documents
-
Scope
Page
Document,
Page, Passage
Annotation
Phase
Full visual feedback
without computer
-
-
categories. While they are rather course-grained, applying only to entire pages, they
offer the advantage of providing full visual feedback by their physical appearance.
We conducted an initial evaluation of Digital Paper Bookmarks as part of one of
our user studies (see Section 5.4.2 for a detailed description of the study). We ob-
served how nine participants used Digital Paper Bookmarks for indexing documents
and for retrieving document passages. Feedback was gathered using a questionnaire
and semi-structured interviews. The observations of how participants created and
used bookmarks clearly indicate that the interaction technique is very easy to learn,
easy to use and reliable. All participants readily understood the usage of bookmarks
and created and modified bookmarks without assistance. Also in the questionnaire,
bookmarks were rated as being very easy to create. 1 Concerning their use, book-
marks were judged to be helpful both for finding a specific page in the paper doc-
ument 2 and for finding a page in the CoScribe viewer 3 . Several participants par-
ticularly valued the possibility to fade away from the given structure and to create
instead an own structure of the document.
The visualization of the 3D paper stack with the bookmarks in the software
viewer was considered to be very helpful for orientation within the document. 4 Sev-
eral participants stated that this view provides a better awareness of the approximate
current position within the document than the more traditional list that contains
thumbnail images of the slides. Moreover, it takes less space than the list and pro-
vides a representation which resembles more closely the real paper stack. However,
due to the 3D distortion of the visualization, the text on the bookmarks was less well
readable if it was very small or written in a hurry. In this respect, the visualization
of bookmarks directly on the slides is more powerful. These initial findings indicate
a high usability of Digital Paper Bookmarks. They should be confirmed in a subse-
1
M
4
7 on a 5-point Likert scale, SD
5, N
9
=
.
= .
=
2
M
4
9, SD
3, N
9
=
.
= .
=
3
M
4
4, SD
5, N
9
=
.
= .
=
4
M
4
7, SD
5, N
9
=
.
= .
=
 
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