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Fig. 7.7 Two interactions for applying tags (that have been previously defined on a Tag Menu
Card) to a document. The lower part indicates which core interactions are combined
with and depending on the optional passage marking, the tag applies to a different
scope. As for hyperlinks, this interaction technique supports flexible scopes. It can
be used for tagging entire documents, passages within documents as well as collec-
tions of documents. Any time, the user can print a new version of a Tag Menu Card,
in which previously defined tags are ordered and sized according to their frequency
(tag cloud). Optionally, tags defined by all users or by members of the own learning
group can be included.
Collecting all tags on a separate Tag Menu Card has the advantage that the user
can immediately access a set of all tags. In addition, Tag Menu Cards support oper-
ations on the tag set (renaming etc.) which can then be automatically applied to the
electronic representations of all documents and their subsequent printouts. More-
over, the approach supports co-located collaboration by allowing users to physically
share cards. Finally, research shows that a key factor for the convergence of tags
is that the system suggests frequent labels [31]. Yet, computer support cannot be
assumed in a paper-only environment without a nearby display. In such a context,
the Tag Menu Card fosters similar effects as the suggestion of frequently used tags:
users will be inclined to re-using tags already entered on the card wherever possible,
since the effort is lower than making a new tag entry.
Own and shared tags are displayed in the viewers for individual documents sim-
ilarly to hyperlinks. Moreover, all tag concepts are automatically included in the
ecological view as oval nodes (see Fig. 6.10 on p. 139). All documents, passages
and collections of documents that are tagged with this concept are connected to it
by an edge. This enables the user to quickly get an overview on all these contents.
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