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overview of and access to all hyperlinks that several users have made on a collection
of documents. Table 6.1 provides an overview of our concepts.
6.1 Unified Pen-based Linking on Paper and on Displays
As discussed in Chapter 2, approaches proposed in related work require the user
to switch between different input devices for interacting with physical and digital
documents. Typically, the input device for interacting with printed paper is a digital
pen. Interaction with digital media takes place using keyboards and mice or pen-
based displays with styluses that are different from the digital pen which is used on
paper. Hence, we encounter not only a discontinuity between physical and digital
media, but also a
discontinuity of tools
: each tool applies either to printed or to
digital media, but not to both of them. CoScribe supports using the same digital
pen not only on printed media, but also on displays (Fig. 6.1, left and center). On
paper, the Anoto pen acts as a traditional ballpoint pen and in addition captures
the ink traces in an electronic form. On a display, the digital pen behaves similarly
to styluses of common pen-enabled displays, such as those of Tablet PCs, with the
difference that several pens can be simultaneously used on the same display. Almost
all interactions can be made in a similar manner in both conditions. For instance,
when creating a hyperlink between a printed document and a Web page, the user
associates both documents with the
same
digital pen (Fig. 6.1, right).
In order to allow pen input on displays, we developed two Anoto-enabled display
prototypes. A first prototype (Fig. 6.2 left) is particularly well-suited for individual
work. It is of medium size with a display size of 82 cm and is slightly inclined for
improving readability. A second prototype (Fig. 6.2 right) addresses co-located col-
laboration by multiple users. Its display size measures 112 cm. The technical setup
of the prototypes is illustrated in Fig. 6.3. The displays use back-projection with a
full HD resolution. During our experiments, we were using an Optoma HD 80 pro-
jector. To enable pen interaction, the image is projected onto a specific foil which the
Anoto pattern is printed onto. Following the approach of Brandl et al. [10], we used
Fig. 6.1
Using the same digital pen to interact on paper and on displays
