Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
Tabl e 5. 1
Desiderata and our approaches concerning annotation of printed and digital documen
ts
Desideratum
Approach
Section
Concept
Function
Innovation
w.r.t.
re-
lated
work
Flexible free-form an-
notations
Unrestricted PPUI; print-
ing documents with an-
notations
5.1
•
•
User-adaptable PPUI
Various print layouts
5.1
•
•
Free
arrangements
of
5.1
•
•
•
several pages
Paper-based
sharing
Tagging with Buttons
5.2
•
•
and
classification
of
annotations
Integrated
access
to
Integrated visualization
using dynamic shrink-
ing/expanding and repo-
sitioning of annotations
5.3
•
•
shared annotations
Integrated multi-user vi-
sualization
5.3
•
•
Integrated
multi-user
5.3
•
•
printouts
Access to text of hand-
written annotations
Evaluation and use of
handwriting recognition
5.4.3
•
•
the focus of attention. This aspect was not considered in previous systems, yet has
a significant impact on the annotations made. Second, we address asynchronous
sharing of annotations and present a paper-based sharing method as well as a novel
collaborative visualization that integrates handwritten annotations of several users.
We conclude by presenting and discussing the results of three evaluation studies.
Table 5.1 provides an overview on the challenges which we address in this chapter.
5.1 An Adaptable Printed User Interface for Annotations
Our design was guided by the goal of providing for a smooth transition from tradi-
tional paper annotations to a computer-supported collaborative annotation process,
permitting each user to maintain his or her personal annotation style. Handwritten
annotations present a large variety in form and content [91]. Figure 5.1 depicts sev-
eral examples of annotations made on course materials. The examples show that
while many annotations are quite condensed, containing only some keywords, an-
notations can also become very extensive, covering an entire page in small hand-
