Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
fl esh colour, mild acid taste and high yields. In most areas, 'Smooth Cayenne'
constitutes a mixture of clones due to new introductions from mutations, lack
of roguing and other various sources. Local selections are mostly known by
their areas of origin, such as 'Sarawak' in Malaysia. 'Champaka' is a selection
of 'Smooth Cayenne' originating in India and widely grown in Hawaii. The
group is susceptible to mealy bug wilt and nematodes.
Queen group: This group generally produces smaller plants and fruit with
spiny, shorter leaves than the 'Cayenne' group. 'Queen' is grown in South
Africa, Australia and India for the fresh fruit market. 'Z-Queen' or 'James
Queen' is reported to be a mutant of 'Natal Queen' and is a natural tetraploid.
Spanish group: The plants are generally small to medium, spiny-leaved,
vigorous and resistant to mealy bug wilt, but susceptible to gummosis caused
by the larvae of the Batrachedra moth. It is acceptable for the fresh fruit
market but not favoured for canning, due to deep eyes and poor fl esh colour.
'Red Spanish' or 'Espanola roja' is the major cultivar in the Caribbean region.
'Singapore Spanish', or 'Singapore Canning' and 'Nanas Merah', are the
principal canning pineapple in West Malaysia because of their adaptability to
peat soil. The fl esh has a bright yellow colour. Other Malaysian cultivars are
'Masmerah', a spineless type with large fruit, and 'Nanas Jabor', a Cayenne-
Spanish hybrid that is susceptible to fruit marbling and cork spot. 'Cabezona',
a natural triploid, is an exception, having large plants and fruit weighing
4.5-6.5 kg. It is grown primarily in the Tabasco State of Mexico and a small
area of Puerto Rico where local consumers prefer the larger fruit. The Puerto
Rico clone PR 1-67 is suspected to be a hybrid between 'Red Spanish' and
'Smooth Cayenne', as these were the only clones grown in adjacent fi elds. The
fruit has light yellow fl esh with adequate sugar and resistance to gummosis,
is fairly tolerant to mealy bug wilt, and has good slip production and good
shipping qualities.
Abacaxi group: This group is grown mostly in Latin America and in
the Caribbean region. Py et al. (1987) called this the Pernambuco group.
The fruit is not considered suitable for canning or for fresh fruit export, but
the juicy, sweet fl avour of the fruit is favoured in the local markets. 'Perola',
'Pernambuco', 'Eleuthera' and 'Abacaxi' are the principal clones in Brazil,
along the eastern Espirito Santo in the south through Bahia and Pernambuco
to Paraibo.
Maipure group: This group is cultivated in Central and South America as
fresh fruit for the local markets. These clones may be of interest to breeders in
the western hemisphere as they constitute a gene pool of adapted forms almost
unused in breeding programmes.
The 'Smooth Cayenne' cultivar dominates commercial production for
canning and is also one of the major fresh fruit varieties. However, 'Smooth
Cayenne' has objectionably high acidity during the winter months, so newer
hybrids such as 73-114 (MD-2, MG-3), which have comparable yield and a
better sugar to acid balance during the winter months, have rapidly expanded
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