Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
IC 602
IC 60255
IC 60266
GALAXY 1
GALAXY 2
GALAXY 1
GALAXY 2
GALAXY 1
GALAXY 2
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
IC 6034
IC 6035
IC 6036
GALAXY 1
GALAXY 2
GALAXY 1
GALAXY 2
GALAXY 1
GALAXY 2
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
IC 6039
IC 6040
IC 6041
GALAXY 1
GALAXY 2
GALAXY 1
GALAXY 2
GALAXY 1
GALAXY 2
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
TIME
Fig. 4 Morphology of the bar formed in the galaxies. Shown are the sizes of minor and major
axes of both galaxies. The upper row is for p = 0 . 1; the middle row is for p = 0 . 3; and the lower
row is for p =
.
6. First column (galaxy 1 and galaxy 2) are morphologies for a collision angle of
30 ⓦ between symmetry axes of discs of the collision galaxies. The second column (galaxy 1 and
galaxy 2) if for a collision angle of 0 ⓦ , prograde. Retrogade collisions show similar behaviour, in
the last column (galaxy 1 and galaxy 2), showing a decreasing major axis of galaxy 2 for prograde
collisions
0
of a bar for times between the first and second encounters. In this time interval we
have computed the size of major and minor axes following the above method.
Figure 2 shows the evolution of the center of mass separation for the three impact
parameter values. The behaviour of this curve is the same for all simulations for
a given impact parameter. That is because the dominant component is the halo,
which is spherically symmetric and the same for each galaxy. The first and second
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