Information-Modeling Technology for the Environmental Monitoring - New Ecoinformatics Tools in Environmental Science: Applications and Decision-making - page 68

Fig. 1.35 The scheme of nitrogen fluxes in nature (see Table 1.11 )

variables in conformity with the spatial digitization of speci c territory. Therefore

uxes H i given below for their consideration in the GIMS
should be corrected following this criterion. Detailed description of the nitrogen
cycle as unit of the GIMS was given by Nitu et al. (2000a).

the estimates of the fl

1.6.3 Conceptual Schemes of the Global Oxygen Cycle

The oxygen cycle in nature is composed of characteristic biogeochemical transi-
tions between the reservoirs of basic constituents circulating in the biosphere
(Kasting and Canfield 2012). Therefore the block-scheme of the oxygen exchange
is similar to those of sulfur, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus (Figs. 1.36 and 1.37 ).
However, oxygen refers to the constituents spread over the globe most widely,
which makes it one of the substantial components of the biogeochemical cycles. Its
amount in the Earth

s crust, including the hydrosphere, reaches 49 % by mass. The
lithosphere (without the ocean and the atmosphere) contains 47.2 % of oxygen,
water

'

— 88.89 %. In the ocean water, oxygen constitutes 85.82 %, the living

substance contains 65 % by mass. These estimates testify to a signi cance of

oxygen for the biosphere, an appearance and existence of which are determined by
the presence of oxygen. Now about 39 10 14 tO 2 circulate in the biosphere,

×