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Fig. 1.26 A scheme of the
carbon reservoirs and fluxes
in the models with the vertical
structure of the World Ocean
Fig. 1.27 A scheme of the
World Ocean global
circulation as the basis for the
description of carbon cycles.
UQL upper quasi-
homogeneous layer (Tarko
2001, 2003)
directed transport of CO 2 on the border
atmosphere-ocean
is more complicated.
Its study requires expensive
field experiments and a detailed classi
cation of both
synoptic and physico-geographical situations on the oceans
surface.
In the programmes of studies of the global carbon cycles the emphasis is placed
on the role of surface ecosystems in its formation (Houghton et al. 2001). In the
process of photosynthesis, plants assimilate carbon dioxide and, on the contrary, the
decomposing dead plants emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Thus a con-
tinuous CO 2 exchange between living and dead organic matter and the atmosphere
takes place in the land biosphere. There are many conceptual diagrams, which
formalize this exchange and serve the basis for global models of the carbon cycle.
Two examples of such diagrams are given in Figs. 1.28 and 1.29 .
Clearly, the accuracy of estimates of carbon
'
fluxes in the terrestrial part of the
biosphere is the function of a detailed quantization of the types of soil-plant
fl
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