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Determine how changes in basin-scale forcing affect the dynamics of the North
Paci
￿
c Drift Current and how these dynamics affect the nutrient and carbon
trapping capacity of the California Current System.
Understand the imbalance between nitrogen
cation (the
marine nitrogen cycle) and its relationship to the ability of the oceanic biological
pump to sequester anthropogenic carbon dioxide.
fixation and denitri
￿
Quantify how regime shifts interact with seasonal and stochastic variability to
produce extreme events such as the recent coccolithophorid bloom in the Bering
Sea and the basin-scale hypoxia (Murata and Takizawa 2002; Weeks et al.
2004).
￿
Unfortunately, even a complex program such as the GCP cannot resolve the
problem of assessing enough information for reliable prediction of global change.
One of the technologies capable to constructively resolve this problem is the GIMS-
technology.
On the whole, many chemical elements, especially GHGs, getting to the envi-
ronment from anthropogenic sources, become an object of not only biogeochemical
analysis but also of economic consideration. Such a multi-purpose analysis in
connection with CH 4 was carried out at the Second International Conference in
Novosibirsk in 2000 (Bazhin 2000; Byakola 2000). Such connections should be
thoroughly systematized and parameterized. Otherwise it is impossible to speak
about any reliable assessment of the role of the biosphere in assimilation of excess
CO 2 from the atmosphere. Complex studies in this direction are being carried out,
for instance, in several laboratories in the USA and Europe (Friedrich 2001).
Measurements of spatial and temporal distributions of gases related to the global
CO 2 cycle are made in the zones of the functioning observatories with the use of
fl
flying laboratories and specialized stationary platforms. Accumulation of such data
will make it possible to reveal dependences needed for the global model. However,
the USA take their irreconcilable stand with respect to the Kyoto Protocol despite
the
fact
that CO 2
emissions
from their
territory reach almost 25 %
10 7 tCO 2 year 1 ) of all its anthropogenic sources over the globe. In March
2001, President Bush said he wouldn
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'
it be ratifying the Kyoto Protocol because it
could signi
cantly damage the country
financially. He was also concerned about the
pressure on
industrialized
countries to cut back on carbon dioxide, while
developing countries weren
t expected to cut theirs back too. Emissions in America
have continued to rise and are now 11 % higher than in 1990, even though when
they did temporarily sign up to Kyoto, they promised a 6 % reduction.
All this con
'
rms the fact that fragmentary studies of the global carbon cycle (i.e.,
not based on a complex such as that described in Krapivin and Kondratyev (2002)
will always raise doubts. For global conclusions, like those made in the Kyoto
Protocol recommendations, we need to be sure that the predicted global conse-
quences are accurate. Nevertheless, such conclusions and assessments are neces-
sary. Unfortunately, most of the international programs on the subject considered
are not aimed at the development of the global modeling technology and do not
concentrate the efforts of specialists on deriving numerical NSS models.
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