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energy and activity of living substance. These processes manifest themselves in the
following three basic forms:
(1) Biological cycle covers all biophyllic elements and vitally important mic-
roelements and is characterized by selection of light-weight isotopes of car-
bon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur from heavier forms.
(2) Water cycle in the biosphere determines the planetary transitions of various
components such as aerosols, microorganisms, dissolved and suspended
substances.
(3) Processes of erosion, chemical denudation, transition, sedimentation, and
accumulation of mechanical and chemical deposits on land and in the ocean
provide the global circulation of matter and energy.
Therefore a discussion of the greenhouse effect problem cannot by constructive
without a complex consideration of feedbacks of the CO
2
cycle with the biogeo-
chemical processes in the presence of other elements such as nitrogen, sulfur,
phosphorus, methane, ozone, water, and others (Fasham 2003; Melillo et al. 2003;
Wang et al. 2005). The processes of CO
2
assimilation from the atmosphere are
affected by numerous natural and anthropogenic factors manifested through a long
chain of cause-and-effect bonds. For instance, acid rains affect the state of the
vegetation cover and the latter affects the CO
2
exchange at the atmosphere-land
boundary. The use of nitrogen (
≈
90
×
10
6
t N year
−
1
) and phosphorus fertilizers in
agriculture changes the role of cultural plants in assimilation of atmospheric CO
2
and
affects the rates of decomposition of the soil organic matter. Besides, in agriculture
manure is an important source of greenhouse gases CH
4
and N
2
O. So, Park et al.
(2006) studied the
fluxes of CH
4
and N
2
O from supplies of liquid pig manure under
cold climate conditions at an annual mean temperature below 10
fl
°
C at the farms of
Ontario (Canada) for the period 2000
2002. At the annual mean air temperature
-
8.4
C, and an average
content of dry matter in manure and decomposition potential ranged within 0.6
°
C the manure temperature was, on the average, higher by 4
°
3%
-
and
−
232
÷
333 mV. Average
fl
fluxes of N
2
O changed depending on the
firm from
gm
−
2
s
−
1
gm
−
2
s
−
1
zero to 337.6
ʼ
in summer and to 101.8
ʼ
in winter. Monthly
10
−
3
and 1.05 mg m
−
2
s
−
1
. The presence
of such data for the globe would make it possible to specify the structure of the
biogeochemical cycle of GHGs.
However, the complexity of the biogeochemical cycles of GHGs and estimates
of how well they are understood indicate the necessity of caution when predicting
global changes and the development of new information technologies to study these
cycles in correlation with other global processes. The developed countries spend
huge resources to create an information base which would provide reliable pre-
dictions of climate change. But, practically all international programs targeting this
are investigating parts of the overall scheme. For instance, the scienti
mean
fl
fluxes of CH
4
ranged between 4.6
×
c priorities of
the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) program include:
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