Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Created global models have educational character and no give possibility for the
real estimations. For the last years many investigators put a problem of creating of
reliable and effective systems for control of the environment state in the global scale
including agricultural sphere. Generally this problem includes elaboration of
technical means for collection, storage and transfer of the data of the nature medium
state and (from the other side) development of methods for processing these data.
The existing means for collection of information about natural objects and pro-
cesses give a possibility to form the data set, covering large territories up to the
whole biosphere. Remote means of environmental monitoring become especially
effective. In this context, Nitu et al. (2004) have formulated the basic model of the
biosphere survivability and proposed a new view on the global modeling.
The behavior of any system is determined by the value which can take on
different terms characterizing the state of the system. Upon interaction with an
external medium and in particular with other systems, the values of these terms can
vary in one way or another. For any technological or biological system it is always
possible to show the
field of change of the characteristic parameters, wherein the
system can be considered to be functioning. Outside this
field the system does not
exist.
Thus one can substitute the complex behavior of a system by a description of the
behavior depicting this system by a point in phase space of the characteristic
parameters. If the change of any coordinate leads to the disappearance of the
depicting point from the allowable
field, the system is demolished (the organism as
a whole perishes).
A system is de
ned by its structure and behavior. The behavior of such a system
is aimed at providing uninterrupted functioning by means of a correspondingly
organized structure and behavior. This characteristic of the complex system to
actively withstand the hostile action of an external medium, we shall refer to as
survivability (Nitu et al. 2000a, b, 2004; Krapivin and Shutko 2012). The key
questions to be answered within the numerous investigations of global ecodynamics
are:
What are the level, interactions, and signi
(socio-
economic factors) in the development of society and its role in global envi-
ronmental changes?
cance of
“
human dimension
”
What are the present and possible future impacts of the global environment
variability on economic development, what factors determine the capability of
society to react to the occurring changes, what are possibilities to provide a
sustainable development and to reduce the man
'
s sensitivity to forcings?
What are the possible methods of decision making in the interests of sustainable
development under conditions of NSS complexity and high-level uncertainties
regarding the global environment variability?
What are the possible impacts of the global environmental changes on human
health; what information about ecodynamics and socio-economic factors is
needed to evaluate the respective cumulative risks for human health?
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