Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Alkalinity (pH). It affects many chemical and biological processes in the water.
The pH scale measures the logarithmic concentration of hydrogen (H+) and
hydroxide (OH
−
) ions, which form water (H+ + OH
−
=H
2
O).
Turbidity. Suspended materials including soil particles (clay, silt, and sand),
algae, plankton, microbes, and other substances can affect the colour of the
water and decrease the passage of light through it.
Phosphorus. Phosphorus is essential nutrient for the plants and animals that
makes up the aquatic food web.
Nitrates. Nitrates are a form of nitrogen, which is found in several different
forms in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These forms of nitrogen include
ammonia (NH
3
), nitrates (NO
3
), and nitrites (NO
2
). Nitrates are essential plant
nutrients, but
in excess amounts they can cause signi
cant water quality
problems.
Total solids. The concentration of total dissolved solids affects the water balance
in the cells of aquatic organisms.
Conductivity. It is a measure of the ability of water to pass an electrical current.
Conductivity in streams and rivers is affected primarily by the geology of the
area through which the water
fl
ows.
Total alkalinity. Alkalinity is a measure of the capacity of water to neutralize
acids. Alkalinity in streams is in
uenced by rocks and soils, salts, certain plant
activities, and certain industrial wastewater discharges.
fl
Fecal bacteria. Presence of fecal bacteria in streams suggests that pathogenic
microorganisms might also be present and that swimming and eating shell
sh
might be a health risk.
cult to draw a distinction
between hydrophysical and hydrochemical experiments. However, it is clear that
the quality of water is, to a greater extent, hydrochemical function. In practice the
aim is neither to draw this distinction not to substantiate a set of problems to be
solved in the hydrophysical experiment. Apparently, speaking about data series of
the hydrophysical experiment, one should not neglect the hydrochemical data.
Ultimately, an assessment of the state of the aqua-geosystem requires a certain
combination of such data and especially when studying the dynamic characteristics.
The parameters of the water quality in the list mentioned above have various effects
on the living organisms.
In particular, a change of
These parameters testify to the fact that it is very dif
ð Þ
is connected with a consideration of
correlations between all factors affecting the water quality. In the formation of the
spatial image of the water object under study, it is necessary to take into account an
interaction of climatic, biogeochemical, ecological and hydrological processes. This
is possible by using a numerical modeling and, hence, developing new data series in
the form of the models
n u; k;
z
;
t
'
cients.
The stages of the hydrophysical monitoring are connected with different levels of
database and therefore require the respective algorithms of analysis and interpre-
tation of measurement results. Moreover, an identification of a set of algorithms of
data processing with the problems of the experiment cannot guarantee an adequate
coef
Search WWH ::
Custom Search