Ecoinformatics and Soil-Plant Formations - New Ecoinformatics Tools in Environmental Science: Applications and Decision-making - page 693

Table 8.6 Global carbon dioxide balance and its biospheric exchange
Reservoir CO 2 reserve

(10 9

Element or biospheric
process

Exchange speed
(10 9 tonnes C) tonnes C/yr)

Atmosphere 697 Forests 10

Hydrosphere 35,420 Cultivated soils 4

Geosphere
Inorganic carbonates
Inorganic non-carbonates
Coal, gas, oil

Grass ecosystems
Deserts
Photosynthesis
northern 45

1
0.2
15
0.14

18.3 млн

6.8 млн

7,400 N

People transpiration

°

Litter, detritus
In the ocean
On the land

Transpiration of the
domestic animals
Transpiration of the
wild animals
Soil transpiration

0.5
0.4
8.4

3,220
710

Biosphere
In the ocean
On the land

10
124

Table 8.7 An assessment of change of average annual carbon storage calculated in framework of
afforestation/deforestation scenarios
Region RF AF TR FR

A B A B

Boreal 35 0.4 1.2 0.5 0.1 − 18 − 185

-

Moderate 60 1.5 - 4.5 2.1 1.9 − 90 − 501

1,352
Notation A is the deforestation, B is the afforestation, RF is the change of average carbon storage
under deforestation (tC/ha), AF is the average velocity of CO 2 absorption under the afforestation
(tC/ha/yr), TR is the change of area as result of transition between the forest absence and forest
(10 6

Tropical 120 4 8 13.7 2.6 − 1644 −

-

ha/yr), FR is the forecast of change in the carbon storage during 2008 2012 in framework og

-

the FAO-2000 scenario (10 6 tC/yr)

Figures 8.10 and 8.11 demonstrate the role of the forest vegetation in the CO 2
dynamics. In addition to these results, it must be noted that experiments with global
models make it possible to trace the dependence of the atmospheric gas composition
on the structure of the planetary forest covers. From the available estimates, the total
area of the forests for t 0 = 1970 can be estimated at 10 6

km 2 (Watson et al. 2000), 1 % constituting national parks and forest reserves. With
the formulated scenario, assume t L = 2050,

˃ L0 = ˃ L (t 0 ) ≈ ×

40.3 - 41.84

10 6 km 2 . As seen
from Fig. 8.19 , the increasing rate of deforestation raises considerably the concen-
tration of CO 2 in the atmosphere. Even with a 10 % reduction of forest areas by 2050
compared to 1970, that is,

˃ X0 = ˃ X (t 0 ) = 19.5 ×

˃ L1 / ˃ L0 = 0.9, the atmospheric CO 2 can increase by 44 %