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the reconstruction of the SPF characteristics taking under consideration the vege-
tation types and that provide the possibility of synthesizing their spatial distribution.
As it is noted by Chukhlantsev et al. (2003), the problem of microwave remote
sensing of the vegetation cover requires the study of the attenuation of electro-
magnetic waves (EMW) within the vegetation layer. The solution of the problems
arising here is possible by the combination of experimental and theoretical studies.
The vegetation cover is commonly characterized by varied geometry and additional
parameters. Therefore, the knowledge of the radiative characteristics of the SPF as
functions of time and spatial coordinates can be acquired by a combination of on-
site measurements and models. General aspects of such an approach have been
considered by many authors (Del Frate et al. 2003; DeWitt and Nutter 1988; Dong
et al. 2003; Engman and Chauhan 1995; Ferrazzoli and Guerriero 1996; Friedi et al.
2002; Karam et al. 1992; Shutko 1987, 1992, 1997; Shutko et al. 1994, 1995; Font
et al. 2002; Kirdiashev et al. 1979; Field 2001; Goody and Jung 1989; Sellers 1985,
1987; Vinogradova et al. 2004). However, these investigations were mainly
restricted to the investigation of models describing the dependence of the vegetation
medium on environmental properties, as well as the correlation between the mor-
phological and biometrical properties of
the vegetation and its
radiative
characteristics.
One prospective approach to the solution of the problems arising here is GIMS-
technology (Krapivin et al. 2006b; Krapivin and Shutko 2012; Nitu et al. 2007,
2013c). Combining an environmental acquisition system, a model describing how a
typical geo-ecosystem functions, a computer cartography system, and a means of
arti
cial intelligence should facilitate the creation of a geo-information monitoring
system for a typical natural element that is capable of solving many of the tasks that
arise in microwave radiometry of the global vegetation cover. The GIMS-based
approach, in the framework of the EMW attenuation by the vegetation canopies,
allows the synthesis of a knowledge base that establishes the relationships between
experiments, algorithms and models. The links between these areas have an
adaptive character giving an optimal strategy for experimental design and model
structure. The goal of this chapter is to explain and assess the application of the
GIMS method to the tasks of reconstructing the spatial and temporal distribution of
the SHF radiation characteristics.
An experience of the GIMS-technology application has shown that it opens new
prospects of microwave remote sensing monitoring of vegetation covers giving the
possibility to combine theoretical and empirical investigations of the vegetation role
in the microwave radiation of the land surface. The progress in the applied results
depends on the base of the GIMS models. As a result, the GIMS allows the
evaluation of the biosphere energy balance with high precision and for this reason
the following tasks are currently a subject to intense study:
Development of the models for description of SPFs under minimal demands to
the parametrical environment.
Analysis of possibilities of different monitoring systems to assess the SPF
'
s
characteristics.
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