Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6.22 Simulation
results in which various
nutrient concentrations are
used. Space-time-mean results
are given. Initial data for the
phytoplankton biomass is
D
2
(t
0
,
ˆ
,
ʻ
, z)=2mgm
−
3
Phytoplankton biomass (g m
−
3
)
D
6
(t
0
,
ˆ
,
ʻ
,
z) = 0.05 mg m
−
3
Depth, m
D
6
(t
0
,
ˆ
,
ʻ
,
z)=3mgm
−
3
t
−
t
0
(days)
10
30
50
10
30
50
0
1.1
5.4
10.7
6.3
11.3
10.9
10
1.9
5.3
12.3
5.4
11.9
15.8
20
2.4
10.2
21.9
7.1
19.2
21.1
30
1.3
6.6
18.4
7.2
14.6
14.9
40
0.6
3.1
9.2
5.5
10.1
9.7
50
0.2
1.2
8.7
4.2
7.7
8.4
70
0.1
0.9
5.3
1.7
4.8
5.1
100
0
0.4
2.1
1.1
1.9
2.2
150
0
0.1
0.9
0.8
1.1
1.3
200
0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
The
first problem for the future modernization of the OSE model is the extension of
parametrical description of energy and heat exchange between OSE and the
atmosphere to increase the model validity and to establish the dependence between
model parameters and satellite measurements. The second problem of the OSE
model to be greater in accuracy, consists in the detailed elaboration of OSE ele-
ments to extend its applied signi
fishing. The description in more
details of OSE biological balance with the formation of industrial
cance to the
shes has a
priority for future investigations. Finally, the third problem to improve the OSE
model by synthesizing an expert system at the center of which the OSE model will
be the main unit.
6.7 Carbon Cycle Dynamics in the Arctic System
Studies of the climate-forming processes in the Arctic, whose principal feature is
determined by the isolation of the ocean from the atmosphere by the ice cover, have
long been of particular concern. The most important impacts of sea ice on the
climate, as revealed through numerical modeling, are the following:
(1) Maximum climate warming with increasing CO
2
concentration in the win-
tertime Arctic due to increased heat input from the ocean through the thinner
ice, as a result of the warming;
(2) The effect of albedo on the atmospheric temperature of the more extended sea
ice 18,000 years ago, which is compatible with the impact of continental
glaciers; and
(3) Possible reversal of the conventional relationship between the amplitude of the
annual change of temperature and the depth of the oceanic mixed layer when
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