The Arctic Environmental Problems - New Ecoinformatics Tools in Environmental Science: Applications and Decision-making - page 528

Table 6.7 The values of some parameters in the framework of the simulation experiments using
the SSMAE
Parameter Estimate of the parameter

Step of space digitizing by
Latitude, Dˆ 1 °

Longitude, Dʻ 1 °

Depth, ʔ z
z ≤ 100 m 1 m

z > 100 m h-100 m

Coefficient of the ice heat conductivity, ʻ 1 2.21 W/m/ °

Coef cient of the water heat conductivity, ʻ 2 0.551 W/m/ °

Coef cient of turbulent mixing, k 2
For open waters

10 − 4 m 2 /s

0.5 ×

5 × 10 − 6 m 2 /s

For ice-covered water bodies

Characteristic heat of ice melting, q 334 kJ/kg

Content of biogenic elements in dead organic matter, D n 0.1

Intensity of detritus decomposition, l A

A = g, r, f 0

A=W 0.01

Velocity of current in the Bering Strait, Vi i
i=1 0.2 m/s

i = 2 0.05 m/s

Water heat capacity, C 4.18 kJ/kg/K

Ice salinity, si i
i =1 5 ‰

i =2 1 ‰

Water salinity at z > 100 m, s 0 34.95 ‰

Area of the Arctic Basin, ˃
Half-life period of radionuclides,

16,795,000 km 2

˄

g

e = 60 C 5.271 years

e = 137 Cs 30.17 years

Critical temperature for photosynthesis, T c − 0.5 ° C

shows the tendency versus time of the average content of the radio nuclear pollution
on the whole Arctic water area. The distribution with depth is represented by a three
layer model, upper waters (z < 1 km), deep waters (z > 1 km) and sediments. The
bottom depth is taken as 1.5 km. A more realistic depth representation of the
shallow seas and the deeper Arctic Basin will be considered in a future re

nement
of the model. The curves describe the vertical distribution with time of the radio-
nuclide content in the two water layers and in the sediments. The transfer of
radionuclides from the upper waters to the deep waters occurs with a speed which
results in the reduction of radio nuclear pollution in the upper waters by 43.3 %
over 20 years. These distributions for each of arctic seas are given in Table 6.9 .