Ecoinformatics Problems of Global Climate Change - New Ecoinformatics Tools in Environmental Science: Applications and Decision-making - page 466

Table 5.22 A fragment of the scale for development of the structure of the atmospheric pollution
dynamics model
Spatial resolution of the model Processes recommended for consideration in the model

Industrial region, landscape, meg-
apolis, city (up to 50 km)

Use of the Gauss-type models. Burning of wastes,
deforestation and reconstruction of surface covers,
contamination of drinking water and water basins,
industrial emissions of aerosol, soil contamination,
washing-out of pollutants with rains, production pro-
cesses, medico-biological assessment of the territory,
division of the atmosphere into many levels

Large region, district, country (up
to 1,000 km)

Use of Lagrangian and Eulerian models. Large-scale
atmospheric circulation with selection of the upper and
lower atmosphere, irrigation and other aquatic systems,
integral areal sources of biospheric pollution, biogeo-
chemical cycles, erosion, large-scale fires, deserti cation
and swamping, succession of surface covers, river run-
off, interactions on shelfs

Continent, globe (>1,000 km) Use of block models. Averaged characteristics of the

atmosphere and climate, oceanic circulation, interactions
in the system “ atmosphere-land-ocean ” , biogeochemical
cycles, succession of large tracts of forests

clouds to large-scale atmospheric motions. Depending on this, models are divided into
dispersive, Gaussian, Eulerian and Lagrangian (Rasmussen and Williams 2006;
Rodean 1996; Laudon and Traver 2011). Within this system, there is anhierarchy of
models taking into account or neglecting the vertical structure of the atmosphere,
atmosphere-surface (land, water) interaction, exchange processes between clouds, and
vertical air fluxes depending on relationships between synoptic and physical param-

eters of the atmosphere. One of the examples of such studies is a series of versions of
the ICLIPS model with the spatial resolution 500

fl

500 km and a time step of 1 year
(Integrierte Abschatzung von Klimaschutzstrategien) (Toth et al. 2000). A more
accurate model ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast) has
the spatial resolution 150

×

150 km and a time step of 6 h (Gregory et al. 2000).
It is impossible to establish an unambiguous connection between the scale of the
model and its internal infrastructure without taking into account various charac-
teristics of the model. Therefore, the estimates given in Table 5.22 should be
considered as recommendations, directed at the modeler

×

s aim giving him a pos-
sibility to assess an expedience of including certain components into the model.

'

5.9.2 Interrelationship Between the Types of Models
and Aerosol Characteristics

The formation of the fields of atmospheric pollution from natural and anthropogenic

sources depends strongly on the physical characteristics of pollutants. Clearly, for a
complete understanding of the processes of formation and growth of clouds and