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determination of the structural topology of the land cover;
emergence of forests, swamps, agricultural crops and pastures.
In the item ESWMA the complex simulation model of the territory is formulated
taking into account the seasonal changes of surface and river runoff, the in
uence of
snow cover and permafrost and the regime of precipitation and evapotranspiration.
A model is developed by employing the water quality dynamics for the hydrologic
network of the territory.
The item REES accomplishes the algorithms for the evaluation of the damage to
nature, economic stability and population health, depending on the environmental
changes that are connected with the natural trends of meteorological, biogeo-
chemical, biogeocenotic, micro-biologic, radiologic and other natural processes as
well as the enhancement of the manmade environmental stress.
The task of revealing the sources of environmental pollution is implemented in
the item ICESD. This subsystem determines the source coordinates, the magnitude
and the possible time of the non-planned incoming of polluting substances. The
dynamic characteristics of the pollution sources are herein given. Additionally, the a
priori unknown pollution sources are revealed and the directions of possible
trans-boundary transport of pollutants are determined.
The software-mathematical algorithms are formulating in the item IS in order to
provide the user with intelligent support in performing the complex analysis of
objective information formed in the framework of the simulation experiment. The
necessary information for the objective dialogue with the global model of the nature/
society system model is provided in a convenient form for the user. The input of the
data processing corrections is also provided. The knowledge base of the anthro-
pogenic, demographic and socio-economic processes on the territory is formed.
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1.3.2 The Subsystems of the Global Information-Modeling
System
The items PADAS and IDPDA ensure the ful
llment of such GIMS technology
functions as systematic collection, generalization, storage, utilization and distribu-
tion of information about the environmental parameters in the form that is adapted
to the users. The technical realization of these functions is implemented by using
fiber-optical sensors and measuring systems (Burkov and Krapivin 2009). The use
of the optical
fiber technology for data transmission within the environmental
monitoring systems improves their reliability and the survivability of the infor-
mation-measuring systems. These effects are achieved as a result of the optical
ber
measuring systems that have not interference effects and their functioning does no
depend on the electromagnetic radiation and other physical
fields. Under this,
synchronization of the ground
fiber optical sensors with the satellite microwave
radiometers is achieved without noises deduced from the electromagnetic
fields,
high temperatures and aggressive mediums (Burkov et al. 2008).
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