Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
1.3 Structural Aspects of Information-Modelling
Technology
1.3.1 Description of the Structure of a Common Global
Information-Modeling System
The GIMS-structure includes blocks which serve the following main operations:
Data collection (collects current information about the system soil/canopy: soil
moisture, depth of aquifer, soil salinity, biomass of vegetation, rainfall rate,
others);
Data preprocessing, their classi
cation and storage in the database;
Modeling (simulation) of different kinds of ecological, hydrological, agricul-
tural, climatologic processes in different geophysical and environmental sys-
tems. These are blocks containing a variety of models of agricultural crops
productivity, of irrigation systems functioning, geo-ecology and epidemiologi-
cal models of certain deceases transmitted by vectors, and others;
Assessment of the current state of a particular geophysical system;
Forecast of the system
'
s state in the future;
A feedback support.
The data collection block consists of two main sub-blocks, namely:
a sub-block for collecting prior knowledge-based information;
a sub-block for collecting current data of the in situ measurements and the
remote observations from mobile, aircraft and satellite platforms.
first of these two sub-blocks plays a very important role in GIMS by
constituting a model of the observed geo-ecosystem. It includes the relationships
describing different geo-ecosystems functioning as well as the relationships
between the geo-ecosystem and the surrounding media.
The second sub-block consists of
The
three boxes providing the following
operations:
In situ measurements that include sampling (probes) and utilizing current
information accessible from the meteorological stations and from other acces-
sible sources.
Remote observations from the aircraft (piloted and unmanned). There are dif-
ferent types of sensors used for remote sensing observations. Among them are
the sensors operating in optical, infrared, and microwave bands of electro-
magnetic wavelengths. The data measured by all of them can potentially be used
in GIMS. In the majority of cases we have considered in this box the data
collected by passive microwave radiometers and partly by the infrared radi-
ometers have been used. These sensors provide the measurements of the
following parameters:
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