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March, April and May of 2010 were each the warmest on record (for the month).
This ties 2010 with 1998, as the years with the most such
“
warmest months
”
on
record, with three each.
The current 2012 global average temperature is 14.45
°
C. This is 0.45
±
0.10
°
C
above the 1961
1990 average.
-
Santer et al. (2000) have discussed the causes of different trends of SAT and the
lower troposphere temperature. Having analyzed the SAT data for the periods
1925
1999, Delworth and Knutson (2000) came to the conclusion
that the main cause of SAT changes was a combined impact of anthropogenic RF
and unusually substantial many-decadal internal variability of the climate system.
An important indicator of climate dynamics can be satellite data on changes of
the balance of the mass of Greenland glaciers. Results of laser altimetry in northern
Greenland, for the period 1994
1944 and 1978
-
-
1999, show that, on the whole, at altitudes above
2 km the ice sheet was balanced, with local changes of different signs. A decrease of
the glacier
-
is thickness dominated at low altitudes, exceeding 1 m per year, which is
enough to raise the World Ocean level by 0.13 mm per year (this is equivalent to
about 7 % of the observed rise of the ocean
'
s level).
The data of observations of the moisture cycle parameters still remain frag-
mentary. An exception are publications such as Russo et al. (2000), in which an
analysis has been made at the Observatory of the Genoa University of the change of
the diurnal sum of precipitation for 1833
'
1985, and a decrease of the quantity of
rainy days for the whole period of observations has been revealed, as well as a
considerable growth of rain rate starting from 1950. During the last 30 years there
was a considerable increase of the number of days with intensive precipitation.
Yu et al. (1999) performed an analysis of available climate data on the heat
balance of the atmosphere with the use of results of both observations and calcu-
lations. The atmospheric radiation budget was found from the data of satellite
observations of the
-
fl
fluxes of outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation and
radiation
fl
fluxes at surface level retrieved from satellite data. Quantities of turbulent
heat
fluxes at surface level were taken from the data of observations within the
COADS programme, and the horizontal heat transport was calculated with the use
of the respective meteorological information. To minimize random errors, the
spatial-temporal averaging was made: the zonally averaged components of the
atmospheric heat balance components for the latitudinal band 50
fl
°
N
—
50
°
S, as well
as values for this latitudinal band have been considered.
An analysis of the data discussed has shown that it is impossible to close the
atmospheric heat balance: additional 20 W m
−
2
are needed. Attempts to use dif-
ferent versions of the input volumes of information did not help to remove this
“
. Since the closing of water vapour balance with the use of the same
data was successful, one can assume that the cause of this
disbalance
”
“
”
is an
inadequacy of estimates of the atmospheric radiation budget, manifesting though
underestimated solar radiation absorbed by the atmosphere.
Having analyzed the completeness and reliability of the available data of climatic
observations, Folland et al. (2000) have come to the conclusion that the existing
disbalance
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