Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
The monograph of Filatov (2004) dedicated to studies of climate of Karelia can
serve an example of the informational analysis of the regional features of climate. New
developments dedicated to the climate of cities (Mayers 2004) and analysis of indi-
vidual long series of meteorological observations (Alessio et al. 2004; Garcia-Barr
n
and Pita 2004) have made an important contribution to studies of regional climate
change. A new important stage in comprehending the data of empirical diagnostics of
climate was the development and application of interactive models of climate system
and an ensemble approach to numerical climate modeling.
There exist many climate models which are differed between them by spatial
resolution, input information, conditions of use, and by algorithms. For example, in
Java Climate Model climate change is in
ó
uenced by complex interlinked processes.
This interactive model lets you explore the system and how we can change it, simply
by adjusting with your mouse parameters and observing the effect instantly on diverse
plots ranging from socioeconomic drivers to climate impacts. The core science cal-
culation methods are calibrated to be consistent with results from the Intergovern-
mental Panel on Climate Change, implemented ef
fl
ciently in the java language, to
enable anybody to access this tool via the internet and explore diverse scenarios and
the sensitivity of projections to risk/value assessment and scienti
c uncertainties.
As has been repeatedly emphasized, the interactive components of the present
climate system include a broad spectrum of natural and natural-anthropogenic sub-
systems and processes, without a complex study of which, it is impossible to
reliably select prevailing trends in climate change. In this connection, one should
enumerate the most important ones:
Global water cycle. Effect of
“
cloud
”
feedbacks.
Global carbon cycle. Interaction of water and carbon cycles.
Land use and land surface changes.
Present trends of the GHGs content in the atmosphere and mechanisms of their
control.
Interaction of climate and land ecosystems
'
productivity.
Effect of the climate regime shifts on marine ecosystems.
Control of natural resourcesNatural
to neutralize negative consequences of
humans
'
activity.
Socio-economic aspects of ecodynamics and climate and their analysis for
optimization of land use strategy.
Interactions between processes in the geosphere and biosphere and their
dependence of cosmic impacts.
5.4.2 Climate Change, Forests, and Agriculture
Forest and agriculture ecosystems are the environmental components most sensitive
to climate change. The former, determine many characteristics of biogeochemical
cycles of GHGs, and the latter form the man-environment interaction. Problems
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