Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 5.6 Mechanical and thermal properties of sea water at salinity 35 g kg 1 and atmospheric
pressure
Property
0
°
C
20
°
C
1.88 × 10 3 Pa s
1.08 × 10 3 Pa s
Dynamic viscosity
10 6 m 2 s 1
10 6 m 2 s 1
Kinematic viscosity,
ν
1.83
×
1.05
×
0.563 W m 1 K 1
0.596 W m 1 K 1
Thermal conductivity
1.37 × 10 7 m 2 s 1
1.46 × 10 7 m 2 s 1
Thermal diffusivity, ʺ
Prandtl number,
ν
/
ʺ
13.4
7.2
3,985 J kg 1 K 1
3,993 J kg 1 K 1
Specific heat capacity, C p
Thermal expansion coefficient
Pressure = 0.1 MN m 2
52 × 10 6 K 1
250 × 10 6 K 1
Pressure = 100 MN m 2
10 6 K 1
10 6 K 1
244
×
325
×
Ratio of specific heat capacities, C p /C v
1.0004
1.0106
1,449 m s 1
1,522 m s 1
Velocity of sound
10 10 Pa 1
10 10 Pa 1
Compressibility
4.65
×
4.28
×
Freezing point
1.910
°
C
Boiling point
100.56 ° C
http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_7/2_7_9.html
Table 5.7 Gases relevant to radiative forcing only (IPCC 2007)
Mole fractions and their changes
Radiative forcing
2005 (W m - 2 )
Species
2005
Change since 1998
1998 (%)
CO 2
379 ± 0.65 ʼ mol/mol
+13 ʼ mol/mol
1.66
+13
CH 4
1,774
±
1.8 nmol/mol
+11 nmol/mol
0.48
-
N 2 O
319
±
0.12 nmol/mol
+5 nmol/mol
0.16
+11
CFC-11
251 ± 0.36 pmol/mol
- 13
0.063
- 5
CFC-12
538
±
0.18 pmol/mol
+4
0.17
+1
CFC-113
79
±
0.064 pmol/mol
4
0.024
5
-
-
169 ± 1.0 pmol/mol
HCFC-22
+38
0.033
+29
HCFC-141b
18
±
0.068 pmol/mol
+9
0.0025
+93
HCFC-142b
15
±
0.13 pmol/mol
+6
0.0031
+57
CH 3 CCl 3
19 ± 0.47 pmol/mol
- 47
0.0011
- 72
CCl 4
93 ± 0.17 pmol/mol
- 7
0.012
- 7
HFC-125
3.7
±
0.10 pmol/mol
+2.6
0.0009
+234
HFC-134a
35
±
0.73 pmol/mol
+27
0.0055
+349
HFC-152a
3.9 ± 0.11 pmol/mol
+2.4
0.0004
+151
HFC-23
18
±
0.12 pmol/mol
+4
0.0033
+29
SF 6
5.6
±
0.038 pmol/mol
+1.5
0.0029
+36
74 ± 1.6 pmol/mol
CF 4 (PFC-14)
-
0.0034
-
C 2 F 6 (PFC-116)
2.9
±
0.025 pmol/mol
+0.5
0.0008
+22
mol/mol = ppm = parts per million (10 6
); nmol/mol = ppb = parts per billion (10 9
Units
ʼ
); pmol/
mol = ppt = parts per trillion (10 12
)
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