Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 5.6 Mechanical and thermal properties of sea water at salinity 35 g kg
−
1
and atmospheric
pressure
Property
0
°
C
20
°
C
1.88
×
10
−
3
Pa s
1.08
×
10
−
3
Pa s
Dynamic viscosity
10
−
6
m
2
s
−
1
10
−
6
m
2
s
−
1
Kinematic viscosity,
ν
1.83
×
1.05
×
0.563 W m
−
1
K
−
1
0.596 W m
−
1
K
−
1
Thermal conductivity
1.37
×
10
−
7
m
2
s
−
1
1.46
×
10
−
7
m
2
s
−
1
Thermal diffusivity,
ʺ
Prandtl number,
ν
/
ʺ
13.4
7.2
3,985 J kg
−
1
K
−
1
3,993 J kg
−
1
K
−
1
Specific heat capacity, C
p
Thermal expansion coefficient
Pressure = 0.1 MN m
−
2
52
×
10
−
6
K
−
1
250
×
10
−
6
K
−
1
Pressure = 100 MN m
−
2
10
−
6
K
−
1
10
−
6
K
−
1
244
×
325
×
Ratio of specific heat capacities, C
p
/C
v
1.0004
1.0106
1,449 m s
−
1
1,522 m s
−
1
Velocity of sound
10
−
10
Pa
−
1
10
−
10
Pa
−
1
Compressibility
4.65
×
4.28
×
Freezing point
−
1.910
°
C
Boiling point
100.56
°
C
Table 5.7 Gases relevant to radiative forcing only (IPCC 2007)
Mole fractions and their changes
Radiative forcing
2005 (W m
-
2
)
Species
2005
Change since 1998
1998 (%)
CO
2
379
±
0.65
ʼ
mol/mol
+13
ʼ
mol/mol
1.66
+13
CH
4
1,774
±
1.8 nmol/mol
+11 nmol/mol
0.48
-
N
2
O
319
±
0.12 nmol/mol
+5 nmol/mol
0.16
+11
CFC-11
251
±
0.36 pmol/mol
-
13
0.063
-
5
CFC-12
538
±
0.18 pmol/mol
+4
0.17
+1
CFC-113
79
±
0.064 pmol/mol
4
0.024
5
-
-
169
±
1.0 pmol/mol
HCFC-22
+38
0.033
+29
HCFC-141b
18
±
0.068 pmol/mol
+9
0.0025
+93
HCFC-142b
15
±
0.13 pmol/mol
+6
0.0031
+57
CH
3
CCl
3
19
±
0.47 pmol/mol
-
47
0.0011
-
72
CCl
4
93
±
0.17 pmol/mol
-
7
0.012
-
7
HFC-125
3.7
±
0.10 pmol/mol
+2.6
0.0009
+234
HFC-134a
35
±
0.73 pmol/mol
+27
0.0055
+349
HFC-152a
3.9
±
0.11 pmol/mol
+2.4
0.0004
+151
HFC-23
18
±
0.12 pmol/mol
+4
0.0033
+29
SF
6
5.6
±
0.038 pmol/mol
+1.5
0.0029
+36
74
±
1.6 pmol/mol
CF
4
(PFC-14)
-
0.0034
-
C
2
F
6
(PFC-116)
2.9
±
0.025 pmol/mol
+0.5
0.0008
+22
mol/mol = ppm = parts per million (10
6
); nmol/mol = ppb = parts per billion (10
9
Units
ʼ
); pmol/
mol = ppt = parts per trillion (10
12
)
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