Ecoinformatics Problems of Global Climate Change - New Ecoinformatics Tools in Environmental Science: Applications and Decision-making - page 382

of higher orders is important. Unfortunately, there have been no attempts to use this
approach. The same approach refers to estimates of the internal correlation of
observation series. McKitrick (2010), having analyzed the secular trend of SAT,
showed that with the

filtered-out contribution to temperature variations during the
last several decades at the expense of internal correlations (i.e., determined by the
climatic system s inertia), it turns out that practically the temperature has not

changed. There is a paradox: an increase of the global average SAT during the last
20

'

30 years is the principal basis for the conclusion concerning the anthropogenic
contribution to the present-day climate changes.

-

5.3.2 Air Temperature

According to SAT observations discussed in IPCC (2001), during the period from
1860 to the present its annual and global averages increased by 0.76 C

Figs. 5.3 and 5.4 show the time series of the combined global land and marine
surface temperature record from 1880 to 2013. This is approximately 0.15

± 0.19 °

C
higher than the value given in the IPCC-1996 report, which was explained by a high
SAT level between 1995 and 2000. The observed data revealed a strong spatial-
temporal variability of the mean annual SAT on the globe. This manifested itself,
for instance, in that the climate warming in the 20th century took place during two

°

Fig. 5.3 Average global air temperature anomalies, 1880 - 2012 ( www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/info/
warming )