Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
(1) contains a most complete description of the current ideas about the known and
unknown aspects of the climate system and the associated factors;
(2)
is based on the knowledge of an international group of experts;
(3)
is prepared and based on open and professional reviewing;
(4)
is based on scienti
c publications.
Sadly, none of these statements can be convincingly substantiated. The IPCC-
2001 Report has therefore been strongly criticized in the scienti
c literature
(Cracknell et al. 2009a, b). In fourth report since 1990, the IPCC offered its strongest
language yet that Earth
'
is climate is warming and humans are largely responsible:
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of
increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and
ice, and rising global mean sea level.
Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century
is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.
Discernible human influences now extend to other aspects of climate, including ocean
warming, continental-average temperatures, temperature extremes, and wind patterns.
Earth has warmed, sea levels have begun to rise at an accelerated rate, and
Northern Hemisphere snow cover has decreased substantially over the past
150 years (Fig.
5.1
). These facts are not controversial. The big change from the
IPCC
dence on if humans are to blame. In
that report, human-emitted (anthropogenic) greenhouse gases were estimated to be
likely responsible for Earth
'
is last report, in 2001, is the level of con
90 % chance), while the
new report says it is very likely (greater than 90 % chance).
On 24th December 2009 the UN General Assembly adopted a Resolution
(A/RES/64/236) agreeing to hold the United Nations Conference on Sustainable
Development (UNCSD) in 2012
'
s temperature increase (67
-
—
also referred to as
'
Rio+20
'
. The Conference
seeks three objectives:
securing renewed political commitment to sustainable development,
assessing the progress and implementation gaps in meeting already agreed
commitments, and
addressing new and emerging challenges.
The Member States have agreed on the following two themes for the Conference:
green economy within the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication,
and institutional framework for sustainable development. The U.N. Conference on
Sustainable Development (Rio+20), a once-a-decade meeting aimed at reconciling
economic and environmental aspirations, has produced a nonbinding declaration,
committing the world
s politicians to modest goals. The proposals set out at the
beginning, such as providing universal energy access and doubling renewable by 2030.
Discussions about global climate change and sustain development problems
which dialog politics, is useful only in restricted sense. Real solution of these
problems is possible in the framework of international working groups used to
complete the mathematical models of the nature-society system.
'
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