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what kind of mathematical models must be used for both the interpolation and
the extrapolation of data, in terms of time and space in order to reduce the
frequency and thus the cost of the observations and to increase the reliability of
forecasting the environmental behavior of the observed items?
These and other problems are often solved by using a monitoring system, which
is based on the combination of the functions of environmental data acquisition,
control and analysis, as well as forecasting the characteristics of the most important
processes in the environment. In other words,
cation forms the new
information technology called the GIMS-technology. The relationship between
GIMS and GIS technologies was de
this uni
∪
IMTEM that increases the spectrum of the solved environmental problems
(Krapivin and Shutko 2012; Shutko and Krapivin 2011).
The GIMS technology was successfully tested and applied in many countries in
the World. It has been proven that the advantages of GIMS application consist,
ned above by the formula GIMS = GIS
rst
of all, in the following capabilities (Shutko et al. 2010):
to plan in situ and remote parts of experiment, optimizing the customer
requirements for a quality of data and its cost;
to simulate the data in the form of maps having in fact the data measured along
the
flight line by collecting the in situ measurements and the remote observa-
tions without using scanning technologies which are extremely cost-effective;
fl
to forecast/predict
the behavior of the examined environmental/geophysical
systems; and
to expand the scale of the examined areas from regional to global by combining
optimally the volume/amount and the essence of the in situ and remote obser-
vations and by using this operational data set in modeling process according to
the required algorithmic and programming tasks.
Three of the demonstrative examples of the GIMS technology application are the
creation of the GIMS for Bulgaria, Aral Sea, Okhotsk Sea and Sea of Azov
(Kondratyev et al. 2002; Krapivin and Shutko 1989; Krapivin et al. 2007c, 2009d;
Shutko and Krapivin 2010). This experience has shown that GIMS technology must
be developed by the standardization and universalization of its functions, which is
described in the next section.
1.2 Information-Modeling Technology as a Key Instrument
for the Solution of Environmental Problems
1.2.1 Standardization and Universalization of the Functions
of the Global Information-Modeling System
The GIMS includes a set of items whose functions are determined by a number of
standard tasks. These items form the informational architecture of the monitoring
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