Ecoinformatics Problems of the World Ocean - New Ecoinformatics Tools in Environmental Science: Applications and Decision-making - page 334

Fig. 4.28 A mutual adaptive scheme using the ecosystem model and measurements for realizing
the GIMS technology to the monitoring system functioning in the sea zone of oil and gas
extraction

4.9 Monitoring of the Oil and Gas Extraction Zone
in the South-China Sea

Optical sensors and their effectiveness in the framework of the expert

system for ecological control of estuary zone (ESECEZ) — as described in detail in

Chap. 9 were tested more than once during several Russian/American and

Vietnam/Russian hydrophysical expeditions (Hong et al. 1992, 1994; Rochon et al.
1996; Phillips et al. 1997; Mkrtchyan et al. 2004, 2011, 2013; Man et al. 2010). The
results of these expeditions spread over many contaminants of anthropogenic
origin. Here, only one example of oil pollution is considered. Namely it is a matter
of investigations by means of Adaptive Identifier of some water bodies situated on
the territory of South Vietnam. The most important aquatory of South Vietnam is
the area

—

of South-China Sea bordering on Vung Tau city where there exists the
exploration and extraction of oil from the sea bottom. In 1975, the Vietnam Oil and
Gas General Directorate was set up. The majority of the oil companies (Vietsov-
petro, Petrolimex, PetroVietnam) realize national and international projects con-
cerning the exploration and exploitation of the oil and gas extraction zone.
The quality of sea water in this area mainly depends on the oil and gas extraction
zone and the

ʩ

is restricted
on the north by the coast line running in a north-easterly direction, on the west and
east by the meridians 106 o E and 109 o E, respectively, and on the south by the
parallel 8.5

fl flows of the Mekong and Saigon rivers. The aquatory ʩ

north latitude. The water current scheme of this aquatory is considered
as given. According to the existing data it can be approximated by a seasonal
scheme with the attachment to winter (

°

˄ w ), spring ( ˄ s ), summer ( ˄ u ) and fall ( ˄ a ).