Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
The character of the gas condensation deposit measuring subsystem securing the
assessment of oil concentration into the sea water thickness essentially depends on
the possibility of putting algorithms into the information processing unit and of
reconstructing the forms of the oil spatial distribution based on data fragmentary in
space and episodical in time. The synthesis of an adequate model to describe the oil
product kinetics in the sea environment under the arctic conditions is an important
procedure.
Calculations show that oil pollution in the arctic climate can persist for several
years. Therefore, the danger of its accumulation is great. The transformation pro-
cesses of oil pollution to other forms under the arctic climate are essentially slowed
down in comparison with the analogous processes in warmer waters.
It is known that contributions to the process of sea water self-cleaning equal
0
70 % for evaporation, 15
30 % for photo-oxidation, and 2
7 % for biological
-
-
-
utilization. In summer conditions the transformation of 0
60 % of the raw oil mass
is realized during 40 days. In winter, these estimations are decreased by approxi-
mately three times. In this period, the process of oil products accumulation by the
ice enters into the action. The intensity of this process depends on the ice porosity.
A perceptible contribution to the aquatory cleaning is introduced by the drifting ice
which secures oil removal in quantities estimated at 25 % of its own weight.
However, the participation of ice in the process of sea surface cleaning from oil
pollution has had negative results. The oil captured by the ice is moved to other
aquatories and practically the same volume is returned to the water environment
when the ice melts. This exchange between aquatories should be taken into con-
sideration under the monitoring system design, since the oil pollutants can reach a
controlled aquatory by such a way. That is why in winter the control of the ice
pollution level in adjoining aquatories is needed.
Shtockman
-
is gas condensation deposit zone is characterized by such generalized
synoptic and hydrophysical situations which provide the conditions when this zone
is covered by ice during 5 months (from February to June). From February to
March, the ice drifts to the North or to the North
'
West. Under these conditions, the
drift speed is estimated at 100 km month
−
1
. As a result, the polluted ice reaches the
Central Arctic Basin where it thaws and the oil comes into the water.
The Shtockman
-
uence of the
West Novaya Zemlya current branch that forms the east boundary of the cyclonic
cycle in the region of the central depression. The con
'
is gas condensation deposit zone is under the in
fl
guration of the formation of
the moving water masses suggests that it is necessary to control its southern and
eastern boundaries in order to discover the pollutants brought to the Shtockman
'
s
gas condensation deposit aquatory from other aquatories.
The oil products are characterized by a multi-component process that expands
the situations set of its behaviour in the sea water. Among the most important
processes of transformation of the oil products in the sea water it is necessary to
indicate the following: dissolving, evaporation, spreading to the deep layers in the
form of drops, oxidation, absorption by suspended organic matter, biosedimenta-
tion, and bacterial decomposition. The objective laws of formation of all these
processes were studied and, therefore, it is necessary to take this into account under
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